This study investigates the geotechnical and geochemical characteristics of lateritic soils along the Maroua-Mora corridor in the semi-arid Far North region of Cameroon, with the aim of assessing their suitability for road construction applications. Eight representative soil samples were collected and analyzed through standardized laboratory tests, including particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results indicate that the soils are predominantly sandy to sandy-clayey, with coarse fractions ranging approximately from 58% to 77% and fines content between 23% and 42%, and varying from low to moderate plasticity (PI = 9 - 20). Compaction characteristics show maximum dry densities ranging from 2.060 to 2.157 g/cm3 and optimum moisture contents between 6.8% and 12.3%. CBR values (15 - 40) classify most materials within S4-S5 categories, suitable for subgrade and foundation layers but marginal for base course applications without stabilization. Geochemical analysis reveals dominance of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3, reflecting varying degrees of lateritization. Soils enriched in sesquioxides exhibit improved mechanical performance due to natural cementation, whereas silica-rich materials show lower cohesion and require stabilization. The SiO2/(Al2O3 + Fe2O3) ratio emerges as a key parameter controlling engineering behavior. The study highlights the strong interdependence between geotechnical properties and geochemical composition, demonstrating that the performance of lateritic soils in semi-arid environments is governed by both mineralogical and compaction factors. This integrated approach provides a reliable framework for optimizing the use of local materials in road construction and contributes to sustainable infrastructure development in Sahelian regions.
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