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光学纳米传感器在农产品食源性致病菌检测中的应用进展
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Abstract:
农产品质量安全关乎公众健康，食源性致病菌污染是其重要威胁之一。光学纳米传感器凭借功能纳米材料独特的表面等离子体共振、荧光发射、表面增强拉曼散射等光学效应，结合抗体、适配体、噬菌体等生物识别元件，可实现致病菌的高灵敏、快速、便携检测。本文系统综述了用于农产品食源性致病菌检测的四类光学纳米传感器——荧光型、表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)型、表面等离子体共振(SPR)型及比色型，阐述其光学信号产生机制、常用纳米材料、关键性能指标及优缺点。重点总结了上述传感器在谷物、果蔬、畜禽及水产品等农产品中对沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7、金黄色葡萄球菌等主要食源性致病菌检测的应用研究进展。最后，分析了当前技术从实验室走向实际应用面临的挑战，以期为食品安全快速检测与风险预警提供理论参考。
The safety of agricultural products is crucial to public health, and contamination by Foodborne pathogens is one of the major threats. Optical nanosensors, which leverage the unique optical effects of functional nanomaterials-such as surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence emission, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-combined with biorecognition elements including antibodies, aptamers, and phages, enable highly sensitive, rapid, and portable detection of pathogenic bacteria. This review systematically summarizes four types of optical nanosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogens in agricultural products: fluorescence-based, SERS-based, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based, and colorimetric nanosensors. Their optical signal generation mechanisms, commonly used nanomaterials, key performance indicators, as well as advantages and limitations are elaborated. The review highlights recent advances in the application of these sensors for the detection of major foodborne pathogens (e.g., Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus) in various agricultural products, including cereals, fruits and vegetables, livestock and poultry products, and aquatic products. Finally, the challenges associated with the transition of these technologies from laboratory settings to practical applications are discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for rapid food safety detection and risk early warning.
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