In the context of the energy transition, triple-cation perovskite solar cells, with their tunable bandgap (≈1.6 - 1.8 eV), high efficiencies, and improved stability, are ideal candidates for top sub-cells in tandem architectures. This study presents the numerical modeling and optimization, using SCAPS-1D, of a triple-cation perovskite solar cell with the structure ITO/SnO2/Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.15 PbI2.45Br0.55/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au, targeting its integration into a four-terminal (4T) tandem configuration. Calibrated against experimental data with a maximum relative error of 0.5%, the reliable model was first used to optimize absorber parameters (thickness, doping, defect density, carrier mobilities). An optimal configuration increased the power conversion efficiency from 17.56% to 24.3%. Optimization then focused on interface engineering, correcting conduction and valence band misalignments (CBO/VBO) towards optimal ranges (0 to +0.3 eV and 0 to ?0.2 eV, respectively) to enhance charge extraction while suppressing recombination. Combined with a reduction of interfacial defect densities, this approach yielded major gains in open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF), culminating in a maximum efficiency of 29.36%. These results confirm the strong potential of triple-cation perovskite as a top sub-cell and validate the feasibility of 4T perovskite/CIGS tandem architectures targeting efficiencies beyond 40%, pending subsequent experimental validation.
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