Prevalence and Factors Associated with Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Women Undergoing Cesarean Section at the Mono-Couffo Regional Hospital Center between 2020 and 2021
Introduction: This study evaluates the maternal and fetal outcomes of cesarean sections and identifies the associated factors in a reference hospital center in Benin. StudyMethod: This is a retrospective analytical study conducted on the medical records of women who underwent cesarean delivery at the Mono-Couffo Departmental Hospital Center in Lokossa between 2020 and 2021. Maternal and fetal outcomes were categorized as favorable or unfavorable based on standardized criteria. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and medical data of the patients were statistically analyzed, with a significance threshold set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 4442 deliveries were recorded, including 2055 cesarean sections (46.26%), predominantly emergency procedures (76.78%). Women were young (mean age 27.0 years ± 6.0 years), mostly aged 20 - 29 years, with low educational level, predominantly rural residence, and largely multigravida. Unfavorable maternal and fetal outcomes occurred in 10.84% and 17.96% of cases, respectively. Multiple pregnancy (PR = 6.41), urinary tract infection (PR = 4.69), and prior spontaneous abortion (PR = 2.92) significantly increased maternal risk. For fetal outcomes, primigravidity (PR = 2.17) and nulliparity (PR = 4.00) were risk factors, whereas previous cesarean was protective (PR = 0.23). In multivariate analysis, multiple pregnancy (aOR = 5.87), urinary tract infection (aOR = 4.12), and prior abortion (aOR = 2.65) remained independent predictors. Conclusion: Strengthening prenatal care and targeting at-risk patients would improve maternal and fetal prognoses following cesarean section.
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