Maytenussenegalensis (Celastraceae) is a plant in the African pharmacopoeia and is widely used in traditional medicine in various pathologies associated to inflammation and pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of hydro-ethanolic extract of Maytenussenegalensis roots and leaves and their fractions in rats. Extraction with ethanol and liquid/liquid fractionations were carried out. Characterization reactions were performed to identify the chemical compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity of hydro-ethanolic extract of Maytenussenegalensis roots (HEER) and leaves (HEEL) and their ethyl acetate (EAFR, EAFL) and dichloromethane (DFR, DFL) fractions was investigated on a pharmacological model of carrageenan-induced acute edema of the rat paw in comparison to that of aspirin used as a reference substance. Phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, sterols and triterpenes in the extracts. HEER, HEEL and their fractions at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg peros and the reference product (30 mg/kg) significantly prevented rat paw edema associated with carrageenan injection from T1H to T5H. HEER at 30 mg/kg was more effective in preventing paw edema in rats than at 10 mg/kg, its fractions EAFR and DFR (10 and 30 mg/kg) and aspirin (30 mg/kg). At 10 mg/kg, HEEL showed a greater preventive effect on inflammatory edema than at 30 mg/kg, but less than its fractions (EAFL and DFL). HEER exhibits greater anti-inflammatory activity than HEEF at dose of 30 mg/kg, but at 10 mg/kg, HEEF is slightly more effective than HEER, particularly at T1H and T5H. The results indicate that extracts of Maytenussenegalensis roots and leaves contain chemical substances with anti-inflammatory properties and could contribute to the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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