Urban Sinkholes in Coastal Cities of the Gulf of Mexico: The Interrelation of the Sedimentary Environment and the Urban Infrastructure in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico

Sinkholes in urban areas of coastal cities are a frequent phenomenon observed over the past few decades. The type of rock influences their development in the sedimentary environment and by anthropogenic works, such as urban drainage infrastructure and sewer systems. In this work, we conducted field visits to sites in the city of Coatzacoalcos, where we observed open sinkholes, fracturing, and subsidence of the concrete. To determine the relationship between sinkholes and the site’s geology. We used data from sand sediment samples collected during a previous work at various locations of Coatzacoalcos city to measure grain size. The granulometric study found that most of the sediment volume in the urban area of Coatzacoalcos consists of coarse, medium, and fine sand, with grain sizes ranging from 0.40 to 0.15 mm. Another factor was the deterioration of concrete drainage and sewer pipes over the years of service, leading to cracks and fractures that eventually collapsed, creating openings and allowing sand to enter the pipes. This gradual development leads to a cavern that eventually collapses, forming a sinkhole.