This study assessed macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe) status and determined the nutrient requirement index for patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) cultivated on the Inceptisols in Lhoong District, Aceh Besar (1325.26 ha). Topsoil samples (0 - 20 cm) were collected from 26 composite points representing six land units, stratified by slope (0% - 8% and 8% - 15%) and land use. Soil analyses included pH, organic C, total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and available Fe. Results indicated acidic to slightly acidic soils (pH 5.50 - 5.80) with variable organic C (1.92% - 6.40%). Nutrient status varied across land units, with N, P, Mg, and Fe identified as limiting nutrients, while K and Ca were generally sufficient. Suboptimal cation ratios indicated potential nutrient imbalance. These findings highlight the need for site-specific nutrient management. It is recommended to prioritize N, P, Mg, and Fe inputs, combined with organic amendments and liming to improve soil pH, enhance nutrient availability, and sustain patchouli productivity.
References
[1]
Mangun, Waluyo, H. and Purnama, S.A. (2012) Nilam. Penebar Swadaya.
[2]
Machdar, I., Luthfiah, D.A., Husni, H. and Rinaldi, W. (2025) Study on Yield and Chemical Constituent of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth Collected from Different Regions in Aceh Province, Indonesia. JournalofEcologicalEngineering, 26, 228-237. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/200069
[3]
Zikri, I., Agussabti, Indra, Kamaruzzaman, S., Susanti, E. and Mujiburrahmad (2021) Study on Sustainable Agriculture and Dimension of Needs: A Case Study Patchouli Farming in Aceh Jaya. IOPConferenceSeries: EarthandEnvironmentalScience, 667, Article ID: 012038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/667/1/012038
[4]
Nisa, K., Sufardi, S., Rusdi, M. and Indra, I. (2024) Soil Quality Index and Patchouli Yields on Various Cropping Systems in Aceh Province, Indonesia: Case Study in Aceh Barat Regency. CaseStudiesinChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineering, 10, Article ID: 100798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100798
[5]
Fitriani, D., Muyassir, M. and Sufardi, S. (2023) Regional Biophysics and Potential for Community Patchouli Development in Lhoong District, Aceh Besar Regency. JurnalIlmiahMahasiswaPertanian, 8, 847-857.
[6]
Aditya, H.F. and Wijayanti, F. (2023) Mengenal Karakteristik dan Jenis Tanah-Tanah Pertanian di Indonesia [Understanding the Characteristics and Types of Agricultural Land in Indonesia]. Jejak Pustaka.
[7]
Viaturrahmi, A., Zuraida, Z. and Sufardi, S. (2023) Diagnosis Status Hara di Areal Penanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) di Kecamatan Lhoong, Aceh Besar. JurnalIlmiahMahasiswaPertanian, 8, 398-406. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v8i1.23303
[8]
Jannah, R., Helmi, H. and Sufardi, S. (2022) Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Tanah pada Areal Penanaman Nilam Desa Teungoh Geunteut Kecamatan Lhoong, Aceh Besar. JurnalIlmiahMahasiswaPertanian, 7, 431-439. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v7i3.20883
[9]
Rachmaniah, M. and Nugraha, A.A. (2018) Sistem Pakar Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Tanaman Nilam. JurnalIlmuKomputerdanAgri-Informatika, 5, 61-73. https://doi.org/10.29244/jika.5.1.61-73
[10]
Syafruddin, S., Syakur, S., Saiful, S., Safrida,, Munandar, F.A., Herlina, C.N., etal. (2022) Effect of Mycorrhizae Biofertilizer to Increase the Growth, Production, and Quality of Patchouli Oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) on Aceh’s Entisols Soil. JournalofHunanUniversityNaturalSciences, 49, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.5.2
[11]
Zuraida, Z., Sufardi, S., Helmi, H. and Jufri, Y. (2024) A Quick Assessment of Patchouli Nutrient Stress on Inceptisols Soil of Aceh, Indonesia. IOPConferenceSeries: EarthandEnvironmentalScience, 1290, Article ID: 012041. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1290/1/012041
[12]
Pasaribu, N.P., Wahjunie, E.D. and Tarigan, S.D. (2023) Characteristics of Soil Physical Properties in Different Soil Management of Oxisols and Inceptisols. Agrovigor: JurnalAgroekoteknologi, 16, 83-90. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v16i2.19869
[13]
Zuraida, Z., Sufardi, S., Helmi, H. and Jufri, Y. (2025) Diagnosis of Macronutrients in Patchouli Leaves and Response to Fertilizers in Inceptisols of Aceh: A Case Study in Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia. Agriculture, 15, Article 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15060651
[14]
de Mello Prado, R. (2021) Mineral Nutrition of Tropical Plants (Vol. 1). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71262-4
[15]
Mia, M.A.B. (2015) Nutrition of Crop Plants. Nova Publishers.
[16]
Jones Jr., J.B. (2021) Soil and Plant Analysis: Laboratory Registry for the United States and Canada. CRC Press.
[17]
Oussou, C.T.B., Chabi, F.O., Kombienou, P.A., Dagbénonbakin, D.G., Ahoton, L.E. and Saïdou, A. (2024) Assessing Soil Nutrient Status for Optimizing Cassava Cropping Systems in Southern Benin: A DRIS Model Approach. InternationalJournalofPlant&SoilScience, 36, 62-76. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i74705
[18]
PPT (Pusat Penelitian Tanah) (2009) Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air dan Pupuk [Chemical Analysis of Soil, Plants, Water, and Fertilizer]. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian. Bogor.
[19]
Sajjad, H., Kumar, P., Srivastava, P.K., Pathak, S.O., Ahmed, M., Kumar, V., et al. (2024) Assessing Soil Organic Carbon and Its Relation with Biophysical and Ecological Parameters in Tropical Forest Ecosystem India. GeocartoInternational, 40, Article ID: 2441388. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2441388
[20]
Voltr, V., Menšík, L., Hlisnikovský, L., Hruška, M., Pokorný, E. and Pospíšilová, L. (2021) The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs. Agronomy, 11, Article 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040779
[21]
Sufardi, S. (2024) How to Enhance Soil Quality in Dryland Farming Systems in Indonesia (Review). IOPConferenceSeries: EarthandEnvironmentalScience, 1297, Article ID: 012071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1297/1/012071
[22]
McCauley, A., Jones, C. and Olson-Rutz, K. (2017) Soil pH and Organic Matter. Nutrient Management Module, 8, 1-12. https://wwwtest.certifiedcropadviser.org/files/certifications/certified/education/self-study/exam-pdfs/38.pdf
[23]
Sufardi, S., Arabia, T., Manfarizah, M., Zuraida, Z., Zainabun, Z., Khalil, M., etal. (2025) Distribution of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen under Primary and Cultivated Forests in Aceh Besar, Indonesia. IOPConferenceSeries: EarthandEnvironmentalScience, 1469, Article ID: 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1469/1/012030
[24]
Quantin, C. and Becquer, T. (2025) Tropical Soils and Sustainable Management. In: Coquet, Y. and Michelin, J., Eds., AgriculturalSoilScience: SustainableManagementofAgriculturalSoils, Wiley, 249-271.
[25]
Wang, C., Guo, L., Cai, Z.J., Chen, J. and Shen, R.F. (2024) Different Contributions of Rare Microbes to Driving Soil Nitrogen Cycles in Acidic Soils under Manure Fertilization. AppliedSoilEcology, 196, Article ID: 105281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105281
[26]
Tampubolon, Y.Y. and Sutari, E. (2017) Pengaruh Dosis Urea-Humat Terhadap Ketersediaan N pada Entisol dan Serapan oleh Tanaman Jagung [The Effect of Urea-Humate Dosage on N Availability in Entisols and Uptake by Corn Plants]. JurnalTanahdanSumberdayaLahan, 4, 559-565.
[27]
Wei, Q., Wei, Q., Xu, J., Liu, Y., Wang, D., Chen, S., etal. (2024) Nitrogen Losses from Soil as Affected by Water and Fertilizer Management under Drip Irrigation: Development, Hotspots and Future Perspectives. AgriculturalWaterManagement, 296, Article ID: 108791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108791
[28]
Fresne, M., Jordan, P., Fenton, O., Mellander, P. and Daly, K. (2021) Soil Chemical and Fertilizer Influences on Soluble and Medium-Sized Colloidal Phosphorus in Agricultural Soils. ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment, 754, Article ID: 142112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142112
[29]
Bhat, J.A., Chandra, M., Mandal, B. and Hazra, G.C. (2017) Nature of Acidity in Alfisols, Entisols and Inceptisols in Relation to Soil Properties. CommunicationsinSoilScienceandPlantAnalysis, 48, 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1254231
[30]
Nganji, M.U. and Jawang, U.P. (2022) Analysis of Soil Primary Macro Nutrient Status in Agricultural Land, Tabundung District, East Sumba Regency. JurnalTanahdanSumberdayaLahan, 9, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2022.009.1.10
[31]
Taberima, S. and Sarwom, R. (2016) Status of Macro and Micro Nutrients from Deposited Tailings in Reclamation Area, PT Freeport Indonesia, Timika. JournalofDegradedandMiningLandsManagement, 3, 565-576. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2016.033.565
[32]
Syakir, M. and Gusmaini, G. (2020) Pengaruh Penggunaan Sumber Pupuk Kalium Terhadap Produksi Dan Mutu Minyak Tanaman Nilam. JurnalPenelitianTanamanIndustri, 18, 60-65. https://doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v18n2.2012.60-65
[33]
Hasibuan, N.H., Nasution, Z. and Mukhlis (2023) Study of Chemical Properties, Physical Properties of Soil, and Their Relationship to the Productivity of Nutmeg (Myristicafragans) Plants in Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. JurnalAgrium, 26, 103-110.
[34]
Hidayat, W., Suryaningtyas, D.T. and Mulyanto, B. (2024) Soil Fertility Based on Mineralogical Properties to Support Sustainable Agriculture Management. SAINSTANAH—JournalofSoilScienceandAgroclimatology, 21, 95-103. https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.85502
[35]
Sufardi, S., Arabia, T., Khairullah, K. and Apriani, I. (2021) Particle Size Distribution and Clay Minerals in Dryland Soils of Aceh Besar, Indonesia. IOPConferenceSeries: EarthandEnvironmentalScience, 922, Article ID: 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/922/1/012013
[36]
Mali, R., Narkhede, S., Gawali, A., Meshram, N. and Rane, A. (2023) Effect of Biofertilizers and Inorganic Fertilizers on Green and Dry Foliage, Oil Content and Oil Yield of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth). InternationalJournalofFarmSciences, 13, 21-25. https://doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2023.00005.8
[37]
Asio, V.B. and Asio, L.G. (2021) Properties, Fertility Status, and Sustainable Management of Degraded Tropical Soils. In: Jatav, H.S., Ed., Sustainable Soil Fertility Management, Nova Science Publishers Inc., 1-31.
[38]
Rodelo-Torrente, S., Torregroza-Espinosa, A.C., Pallares, M.M., Osorio, D.P., Paternina, A.C. and Echeverría-González, A. (2022) Soil Fertility in Agricultural Production Units of Tropical Areas. GlobalJournalofEnvironmentalScienceandManagement, 8, 403-418.
[39]
Suleman, S., Rajanuddin, U.A. and Isrun, D. (2016) Penilaian Kualitas Tanah pada Beberapa Tipe Penggunaan Lahan di Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru, Kabupaten Sigi [Soil Quality Assessment of Several Types of Land Use in Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency]. JurnalAgrotekbis, 4, 712-718.
[40]
Mostofa, M.G., Rahman, M.M., Ghosh, T.K., Kabir, A.H., Abdelrahman, M., Rahman Khan, M.A., etal. (2022) Potassium in Plant Physiological Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses. PlantPhysiologyandBiochemistry, 186, 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.011
[41]
Jing, T., Li, J., He, Y., Shankar, A., Saxena, A., Tiwari, A., etal. (2024) Role of Calcium Nutrition in Plant Physiology: Advances in Research and Insights into Acidic Soil Conditions—A Comprehensive Review. PlantPhysiologyandBiochemistry, 210, Article ID: 108602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108602
[42]
Colombo, C., Palumbo, G., He, J., Pinton, R. and Cesco, S. (2013) Review on Iron Availability in Soil: Interaction of Fe Minerals, Plants, and Microbes. JournalofSoilsandSediments, 14, 538-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0814-z
[43]
Zalewska, M., Nogalska, A. and Wierzbowska, J. (2018) Effect of Basic Cation Saturation Ratios in Soil on Yield of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.). Journal of Elementology, 23, 95-105.
[44]
Wacal, C., Ogata, N., Basalirwa, D., Sasagawa, D., Masunaga, T., Yamamoto, S., etal. (2019) Growth and K Nutrition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seedlings as Affected by Balancing Soil Exchangeable Cations Ca, Mg, and K of Continuously Monocropped Soil from Upland Fields Converted Paddy. Agronomy, 9, Article 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120819
[45]
Culman, S.W., Brock, C., Doohan, D., Jackson-Smith, D., Herms, C., Chaganti, V.N., etal. (2021) Base Cation Saturation Ratios vs. Sufficiency Level of Nutrients: A False Dichotomy in Practice. AgronomyJournal, 113, 5623-5634. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20787
[46]
Trisilawati, O. and Hadipoentyanti, E. (2015) Budidaya Nilam yang Baik dan Benar [Proper and Correct Patchouli Cultivation]. Kementerian Pertanian. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor. https://gdmorganic.com/pupuk-untuk-tanaman-nilam/
[47]
Sugiatno, S. (2020) Pengaruh cara aplikasi pupuk dan dosis pupuk kandang pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman nilam [The Effect of Fertilizer Application Methods and Manure Dosage on the Growth and Yield of Patchouli Plants]. JurnalAgrotropi-ka, 18, 52-55.
[48]
Burhanuddin, Z. (2019) The Effect of Dosage and Frequency of Foliar Fertilizer Application on the Growth and Production of Patchouli on Ultisols Soil. MenaraIlmu: JurnalPenelitiandanKajianIlmiah, 13. https://jurnal.umsb.ac.id/index.php/menarailmu/article/view/1496
