The maize streak caused by the maize streak virus (MSV) is a threat to maize cultivation in Burkina Faso. To achieve this, a phytosanitary survey was conducted between 2020 and 2022 in the three agro-climatic zones of Burkina Faso. A total of 600 samples were collected, of which 73% were taken from maize, 10% from sorghum, 13% from millet, and 5% from wild grasses (Paspalum sp., Brachiaria sp.). Total DNA from the samples have been extracted at Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), before being amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Specific MSV-F/MSV-R primers were used to amplify the capsid protein gene. After aetmplification and visualization using a gel reader MS UVDI 129-0323, bands of approximately 1000 base pairs were observed. A prevalence of 45.71% was obtained for maize, 37.5% for sorghum, and 31.25% for millet. These results indicate that the observed streak symptoms are those of MSV, thus confirming its presence in maize, sorghum, and millet in Burkina Faso, with a predominance in the Sudano-Sahelian zones. The objective of this work was to detect by molecular analysis and assess the prevalence of streak virus infecting dry cereals in Burkina Faso. A study on the genetic diversity of MSV would be necessary to identify the different existing strains in order to develop management strategies for the disease.
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