|
|
压燃式甲醇发动机技术发展综述
|
Abstract:
甲醇作为一种多种途径大规模生产的液态燃料，应用于技术成熟、热效率高的压燃式发动机，是实现交通领域深度脱碳的重要技术路径之一。然而，甲醇的理化性质与传统柴油存在显著差异，尤其是其极低的十六烷值、高汽化潜热、与柴油有限的互溶性等问题，直接应用于传统压燃式发动机面临自燃困难、特定污染物控制等一系列技术瓶颈。本文对近几年压燃式甲醇发动机的性能、燃烧、排放三个方面进行全面的梳理与综述。
Methanol, as a liquid fuel produced on a large scale through multiple methods, is applied in mature and highly efficient compression ignition engines. It is one of the important technical paths for achieving deep decarbonization in the transportation sector. However, the physical and chemical properties of methanol differ significantly from those of traditional diesel. In particular, its extremely low cetane number, high vaporization latent heat, and limited miscibility with diesel all pose direct technical challenges when applied to traditional compression ignition engines, such as difficulties in self-ignition and control of specific pollutants. This paper comprehensively reviews and summarizes the performance, combustion, and emissions of compression ignition engines fueled with methanol in recent years.
| [1] | Wei, J., Yin, Z., Wang, C., Lv, G., Zhuang, Y., Li, X., et al. (2021) Impact of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles as an Additive in Diesel-Methanol Blends on a Modern DI Diesel Engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 185, Article 116372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116372 |
| [2] | Gong, C., Si, X. and Liu, F. (2021) Combined Effects of Excess Air Ratio and EGR Rate on Combustion and Emissions Behaviors of a GDI Engine with CO2 as Simulated EGR (CO2) at Low Load. Fuel, 293, Article 120442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120442 |
| [3] | Gong, C., Zhang, Z., Sun, J., Chen, Y. and Liu, F. (2020) Computational Study of Nozzle Spray-Line Distribution Effects on Stratified Mixture Formation, Combustion and Emissions of a High Compression Ratio DISI Methanol Engine under Lean-Burn Condition. Energy, 205, Article 118080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118080 |
| [4] | Szwaja, S. and Naber, J.D. (2010) Combustion of N-Butanol in a Spark-Ignition IC Engine. Fuel, 89, 1573-1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.08.043 |
| [5] | Qian, Y., Guo, J., Zhang, Y., Tao, W. and Lu, X. (2018) Combustion and Emission Behavior of N-Propanol as Partially Alternative Fuel in a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 144, 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.08.044 |
| [6] | Wei, J., He, C., Fan, C., Pan, S., Wei, M. and Wang, C. (2021) Comparison in the Effects of Alumina, Ceria and Silica Nanoparticle Additives on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Modern Methanol-Diesel Dual-Fuel CI Engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 238, Article 114121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114121 |
| [7] | Wei, J., Zeng, Y., Pan, M., Zhuang, Y., Qiu, L., Zhou, T., et al. (2020) Morphology Analysis of Soot Particles from a Modern Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Types of Oxygenated Fuels. Fuel, 267, Article 117248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117248 |
| [8] | Pan, S., Wei, J., Tao, C., Lv, G., Qian, Y., Liu, Q., et al. (2021) Discussion on the Combustion, Performance and Emissions of a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Fuelled with Methanol-Based CeO2 Nanofluids. Fuel, 302, Article 121096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121096 |
| [9] | Hassan, Q.H., Shaker Abdul Ridha, G., Hafedh, K.A.H. and Alalwan, H.A. (2021) The Impact of Methanol-Diesel Compound on the Performance of a Four-Stroke CI Engine. Materials Today: Proceedings, 42, 1993-1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.247 |
| [10] | Kumar, N. and Singh, K. (2022) Study of Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Oxygenated Constituents and Methanol Fumigation in the Inlet Manifold of a Diesel Engine. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 49, Article 101748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101748 |
| [11] | EL-Seesy, A.I., Waly, M.S., He, Z., El-Batsh, H.M., Nasser, A. and El-Zoheiry, R.M. (2022) Enhancement of the Combustion and Stability Aspects of Diesel-Methanol-Hydrous Methanol Blends Utilizing N-Octanol, Diethyl Ether, and Nanoparticle Additives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 371, Article 133673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133673 |
| [12] | Thiyagarajan, S., Sonthalia, A., Edwin Geo, V., Prakash, T., Karthickeyan, V., Ashok, B., et al. (2020) Effect of Manifold Injection of Methanol/n-Pentanol in Safflower Biodiesel Fuelled CI Engine. Fuel, 261, Article 116378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116378 |
| [13] | Boopathi, M., Sathiskumar, S., Manideep, B., Jayakrishnan, S., Praveen, S.B., Gokul, V., et al. (2023) Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Algae Oil Biodiesel with Methanol Additive in CI Engine. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.405 |
| [14] | Murray, R. and Wyse-Mason, R. (2018) Investigation of Methanol-Biodiesel-Coconut Oil Ternary Blends as an Alternative Fuel for CI Engines. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 21, 1056-1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2018.07.009 |
| [15] | Dierickx, J., Dejaegere, Q., Peeters, J., Sileghem, L. and Verhelst, S. (2023) Performance and Emissions of a High-Speed Marine Dual-Fuel Engine Operating with Methanol-Water Blends as a Fuel. Fuel, 333, Article 126349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126349 |
| [16] | Ning, L., Duan, Q., Chen, Z., Kou, H., Liu, B., Yang, B., et al. (2020) A Comparative Study on the Combustion and Emissions of a Non-Road Common Rail Diesel Engine Fueled with Primary Alcohol Fuels (Methanol, Ethanol, and N-Butanol)/Diesel Dual Fuel. Fuel, 266, Article 117034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117034 |
| [17] | Li, J., Wei, J., Chen, H., Xu, Y., Liu, Y. and Dai, Q. (2025) Study on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Using Diesel/Ethanol Blend with Carbon Nanoadditives. Renewable Energy, 246, Article 122941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.122941 |
| [18] | Liu, J., Ma, H., Liang, W., Yang, J., Sun, P., Wang, X., et al. (2022) Experimental Investigation on Combustion Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Pode/Methanol Dual-Fuel Engine. Energy, 260, Article 125131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125131 |
| [19] | Kumar, D., Sonawane, U., Chandra, K. and Agarwal, A.K. (2022) Experimental Investigations of Methanol Fumigation via Port Fuel Injection in Preheated Intake Air in a Single Cylinder Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine. Fuel, 324, Article 124340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124340 |
| [20] | Wei, J., He, C., Lv, G., Zhuang, Y., Qian, Y. and Pan, S. (2021) The Combustion, Performance and Emissions Investigation of a Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine Using Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticle Additives to Methanol. Energy, 230, Article 120734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120734 |
| [21] | Agarwal, A.K., Kumar, V., Jena, A. and Kalwar, A. (2022) Fuel Injection Strategy Optimisation and Experimental Performance and Emissions Evaluation of Diesel Displacement by Port Fuel Injected Methanol in a Retrofitted Mid-Size Genset Engine Prototype. Energy, 248, Article 123593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123593 |
| [22] | Murray, R., King, G., Muse-Mason, R. (2021) Micro-Emulsification vs. Transesterification: An Investigation of the Efficacy of Methanol Use in Improving Vegetable Oil Engine Performance. Biofuels, 12, 1165-1174. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2019.1598316 |
| [23] | Kumar, N. and Singh, K. (2022) Study of Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Oxygenated Constituents and Methanol Fumigation in the Inlet Manifold of a Diesel Engine. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 49, Article 101748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101748 |
| [24] | Liu, J., Wu, P., Ji, Q., Sun, P., Wang, P., Meng, Z., et al. (2022) Experimental Study on Effects of Pilot Injection Strategy on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel/Methanol Dual-Fuel Engine under Low Load. Energy, 247, Article 123464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123464 |
| [25] | Ahmad, Z., Kaario, O., Qiang, C. and Larmi, M. (2022) Effect of Negative Valve Overlap in a Heavy-Duty Methanol-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine: A Pathway to Improve Efficiency. Fuel, 317, Article 123522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123522 |
| [26] | Wang, Y., Xiao, G., Li, B., Tian, H., Leng, X., Wang, Y., et al. (2022) Study on the Performance of Diesel-Methanol Diffusion Combustion with Dual-Direct Injection System on a High-Speed Light-Duty Engine. Fuel, 317, Article 123414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123414 |
| [27] | Valera, H., Kumar, D. and Agarwal, A.K. (2022) Evaluating the Effect of Variable Methanol Injection Timings in a Novel Co-Axial Fuel Injection System Equipped Locomotive Engine. Journal of Cleaner Production, 349, Article 131452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131452 |
| [28] | Zhou, Y., Hong, W., Xie, F., Li, X., Su, Y., Hu, Y., et al. (2022) Potential of Compression Ratio and Exhaust Gas Dilution on Improving Combustion and Nitrogen Oxides Emission Performance on a PFI Engine Fueled with Methanol. Fuel, 323, Article 124197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124197 |
