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β-环糊精改性硅藻土载体的制备、表征及其对肉桂精油的负载与缓释性能研究
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Abstract:
本研究以天然硅藻土(D)为基材，通过碱处理与β-环糊精(β-CD)功能化修饰，成功制备了一种新型多孔载体材料(β-CD-AMD)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)及氮气吸附–脱附(BET)等手段对载体结构进行表征。系统考察了β-CD-AMD对肉桂精油(CEO)的负载行为，通过响应面法优化了负载条件，并利用动力学模型、等温吸附模型及热力学参数探究其负载机理。进一步研究了不同温度下CEO从载体中的释放特性，并结合释放动力学模型分析其缓释行为。结果表明，β-CD-AMD具有规整的多级孔结构，活性位点增多；在最优条件(时间120 min、温度25℃、精油与载体比1.5 mL/g)下，CEO包封率可达85.3%，最大理论负载容量为1462 mg/g。负载过程符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温模型，为自发、放热的物理化学协同作用。体外释放实验显示，β-CD-AMD能显著延缓CEO释放，在20℃和30℃下分别于21天和17天内实现97%以上的累积释放，释放行为遵循Korsmeyer-Peppas模型。该载体展现出优异的缓释性能和热稳定性，为疏水性活性物质的包载与控释提供了新策略。
This study successfully prepared a novel porous carrier material (β-CD-AMD) using natural diatomaceous earth (D) as the substrate, through alkaline treatment and functionalisation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The structure of the carrier was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET) techniques. The loading behaviour of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) onto β-CD-AMD was systematically investigated. Loading conditions were optimised using response surface methodology, and the loading mechanism was explored through kinetic models, isothermal adsorption models, and thermodynamic parameters. The release characteristics of CEO from the carrier at different temperatures were further studied, with sustained-release behaviour analysed using release kinetic models. The results indicate that β-CD-AMD exhibits a regular multi-level pore structure with an increased number of active sites. Under optimal conditions (120 min loading time, 25？C temperature, 1.5 mL/g oil-to-carrier ratio), the CEO encapsulation rate reached 85.3%, with a maximum theoretical loading capacity of 1462 mg/g. The loading process conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, representing a spontaneous, exothermic physicochemical synergistic interaction. In vitro release studies demonstrated that β-CD-AMD significantly retards CEO release, achieving over 97% cumulative release within 21 days at 20？C and 17 days at 30？C. The release behaviour conformed to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. This carrier exhibits excellent sustained-release properties and thermal stability, offering a novel strategy for the
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