全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
投递稿件

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Temporal Association between Ambient PM2.5 and COVID-19 Incidence in Abidjan, C？te d’Ivoire, during the First Year of the Pandemic (March 2020-March 2021)

DOI: 10.4236/acs.2026.162017, PP. 311-338

Keywords: PM2.5, COVID-19, Air Pollution, Time-Series Analysis, Relative Risk, Abidjan, C？te d’Ivoire, West Africa

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

This study, conducted within the IAQWA (Improving Air Quality in West Africa) project funded by the European Make Our Planet Great Again (MOPGA) program, investigates the temporal association between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and daily COVID-19 incidence in Abidjan, C？te d’Ivoire, during the first year of the pandemic (March 2020-March 2021). Empirical evidence on environmental determinants of COVID-19 dynamics remains limited in African cities, despite persistently high levels of urban air pollution. Daily COVID-19 case data were analysed together with in situ measurements of PM2.5 and meteorological parameters. Temporal associations were first explored using descriptive statistics and lagged Spearman correlations for delays ranging from 0 to 14 days. Non-linear and delayed relationships were then quantified using a generalized additive model (GAM) including environmental predictors at a fixed lag identified from the temporal analysis. COVID-19 incidence exhibited three major epidemic waves over the study period. PM2.5 concentrations showed significant positive correlations with daily COVID-19 cases across all investigated lags, with a dominant peak at approximately 8 days. The GAM revealed a strong and non-linear exposure-response relationship between PM2.5 and COVID-19 incidence. Relative risk increased progressively with PM2.5 levels and reached a maximum of approximately 2.0 at concentrations around 40 μg？m？3, indicating a doubling of daily COVID-19 incidence compared with low-exposure conditions. Meteorological variables showed weaker and more complex associations, while the PM2.5 effect remained robust after adjustment. These findings provide rare city-scale evidence that ambient fine particulate matter acted as a significant environmental cofactor of COVID-19 dynamics in a West African megacity. They highlight the potential role of chronic urban air pollution in amplifying population vulnerability to respiratory epidemics and underline the importance of integrating air quality considerations into public health surveillance and epidemic preparedness strategies in rapidly urbanizing African cities.

 References

[1]  Pearson, C.A., Van Schalkwyk, C., Foss, A.M., O’Reilly, K.M. and Pulliam, J.R. (2020) Projected Early Spread of COVID-19 in Africa through 1 June 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25, Article ID: 2000543.
https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.18.2000543
[2]  Tcholi Idrissa, E., Hannadé Houma, I., Salifou Ibrahim, A., Halawen Mohamed, A., Ibrahim Maman Laminou, I. and Eric Omar, A. (2024) Influence des Paramètres Climatiques sur l’Incidence de la COVID-19 de Mars 2020 à Décembre 2022 dans la Région de Niamey au Niger. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 20, 20-40.
https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n21p20
[3]  Jenkins, G.S., Freire, S.M., Ogunro, T., Niang, D., Andrade, M., Drame, M.S., et al. (2023) COVID‐19 New Cases and Environmental Factors during Wet and Dry Seasons in West and Southern Africa. GeoHealth, 7, e2022GH000765.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gh000765
[4]  Ogunjo, S., Olaniyan, O., Olusegun, C.F., Kayode, F., Okoh, D. and Jenkins, G. (2022) The Role of Meteorological Variables and Aerosols in the Transmission of COVID-19 during Harmattan Season. GeoHealth, 6, e2021GH000521.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gh000521
[5]  Yarber, A.Y., Jenkins, G.S., Singh, A. and Diokhane, A. (2023) Temporal Relationships between Saharan Dust Proxies, Climate, and Meningitis in Senegal. GeoHealth, 7, e2021GH000574.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gh000574
[6]  Fawole, O.G., Yusuf, N., Sunmonu, L.A., Obafaye, A., Audu, D.K., Onuorah, L., et al. (2022) Impacts of COVID‐19 Restrictions on Regional and Local Air Quality across Selected West African Cities. GeoHealth, 6, e2022GH000597.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gh000597
[7]  Joshua, B.W., Fuwape, I., Rabiu, B., Pires, E.E.S., Sa’id, R.S., Ogunro, T.T., et al. (2023) The Impact of the First and Second Waves of COVID‐19 Pandemic in Nigeria. GeoHealth, 7, e2022GH000722.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gh000722
[8]  Ogunjo, S.T., Fuwape, I.A. and Rabiu, A.B. (2022) Predicting COVID‐19 Cases from Atmospheric Parameters Using Machine Learning Approach. GeoHealth, 6, e2021GH000509.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gh000509
[9]  Salyer, S.J., Maeda, J., Sembuche, S., Kebede, Y., Tshangela, A., Moussif, M., et al. (2021) The First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study. The Lancet, 397, 1265-1275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00632-2
[10]  Yassi, G.A. and Kambiré, B. (2021) Système de Santé et Risques Sanitaires En Côte d’Ivoire: Abidjan Territoire de Relégation En Contexte de COVID-19. COVID-19, Santé-Environnement, Productivité Scientifique: Regards Sur La Période Du Confinement à l’Université Quisqueya.
https://hal.science/hal-05001546
[11]  WHO (2021) WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide. World Health Organization.
[12]  Domingo, J.L. and Rovira, J. (2020) Effects of Air Pollutants on the Transmission and Severity of Respiratory Viral Infections. Environmental Research, 187, Article ID: 109650.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109650
[13]  Ciencewicki, J. and Jaspers, I. (2007) Air Pollution and Respiratory Viral Infection. Inhalation Toxicology, 19, 1135-1146.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370701665434
[14]  Horne, B.D., Joy, E.A., Hofmann, M.G., Gesteland, P.H., Cannon, J.B., Lefler, J.S., et al. (2018) Short-Term Elevation of Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Acute Lower Respiratory Infection. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 198, 759-766.
https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201709-1883oc
[15]  Prata, D.N., Rodrigues, W. and Bermejo, P.H. (2020) Temperature Significantly Changes COVID-19 Transmission in (Sub)tropical Cities of Brazil. Science of the Total Environment, 729, Article ID: 138862.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138862
[16]  Fattorini, D. and Regoli, F. (2020) Role of the Chronic Air Pollution Levels in the Covid-19 Outbreak Risk in Italy. Environmental Pollution, 264, Article ID: 114732.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114732
[17]  Setti, L., Passarini, F., De Gennaro, G., Barbieri, P., Licen, S., Perrone, M.G., et al. (2020) Potential Role of Particulate Matter in the Spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First Observational Study Based on Initial Epidemic Diffusion. BMJ Open, 10, e039338.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039338
[18]  Tung, N.T., Cheng, P., Chi, K., Hsiao, T., Jones, T., BéruBé, K., et al. (2021) Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2: A Possible Model of COVID-19 Transmission. Science of The Total Environment, 750, Article ID: 141532.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141532
[19]  Wu, X., Nethery, R.C., Sabath, M.B., Braun, D. and Dominici, F. (2020) Air Pollution and COVID-19 Mortality in the United States: Strengths and Limitations of an Ecological Regression Analysis. Science Advances, 6, eabd4049.
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd4049
[20]  Frontera, A., Cianfanelli, L., Vlachos, K., Landoni, G. and Cremona, G. (2020) Severe Air Pollution Links to Higher Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: The “Double-Hit” Hypothesis. Journal of Infection, 81, 255-259.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.031
[21]  Morawska, L. and Cao, J. (2020) Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The World Should Face the Reality. Environment International, 139, Article ID: 105730.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105730
[22]  INS (Institut Nationale de la Statistique) (2022) Recensement General de la Population et de l’Habitat 2021 RÉSULTATS GLOBAUX.
[23]  Bahino, J., Giordano, M., Beekmann, M., Yoboué, V., Ochou, A., Galy-Lacaux, C., et al. (2024) Temporal Variability and Regional Influences of PM2.5 in the West African Cities of Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) and Accra (Ghana). Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 4, 468-487.
https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ea00012a
[24]  Milleliri, J.M., Coulibaly, D. and Lamontagne, F. (2021) La Covid-19 En Côte d’Ivoire (Mars 2020-Avril 2021) Une Année Sous Le Sceau Du Coronavirus. Médecine Tropicale et Santé Internationale, 1, 102.
[25]  Prospero, J.M., Ginoux, P., Torres, O., Nicholson, S.E. and Gill, T.E. (2002) Environmental Characterization of Global Sources of Atmospheric Soil Dust Identified with the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (Toms) Absorbing Aerosol Product. Reviews of Geophysics, 40, 2-1-2-31.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000rg000095
[26]  Woodby, B., Arnold, M.M. and Valacchi, G. (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Infection, COVID-19 Pathogenesis, and Exposure to Air Pollution: What Is the Connection? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1486, 15-38.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14512
[27]  Chivé, C., Martín-Faivre, L., Michoud, V., Baeza-Squiban, A. and Garcia-Verdugo, I. (2025) Contribution of Ambient Airborne Particles on the Susceptibility to Respiratory Viral Infections. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 119, Article ID: 104797.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2025.104797
[28]  Zhu, Y., Xie, J., Huang, F. and Cao, L. (2020) Association between Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and COVID-19 Infection: Evidence from China. Science of the Total Environment, 727, Article ID: 138704.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704
[29]  Conticini, E., Frediani, B. and Caro, D. (2020) Can Atmospheric Pollution Be Considered a Co-Factor in Extremely High Level of SARS-CoV-2 Lethality in Northern Italy? Environmental Pollution, 261, Article ID: 114465.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114465
[30]  Engelstaedter, S., Tegen, I. and Washington, R. (2006) North African Dust Emissions and Transport. Earth-Science Reviews, 79, 73-100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.06.004

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133