Prevalence and Trends of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections, Microfilariae, and Anemia among First-Time Blood Donors in Lambaréné, Gabon: A Four-Year Retrospective Study (2018-2021)
Aim: To determine the prevalence and temporal trends of hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, microfilariae, and associated anemia among blood donors in Lambaréné between 2018 and 2021. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out among first-time blood donors in Lambaréné. Screening for HBsAg, anti-HIV, and anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies was performed by rapid diagnostic tests, and microfilariae diagnosis was performed microscopically following leuko-concentration. Results: A total of 4581 blood donors were recruited, with a mean age of 32.0 years (SD = 9.06). Males predominated (89%), and the age group 17 - 29 years (45.7%) was the most represented. Anemia was observed in 35.6% of donors, while the overall prevalence of microfilariae was 4.5%. The prevalence of TTIs was 4.3% for HBsAg, 2.5% for anti-HCV, 0.2% for HIV, and 2.7% for syphilis. Both microfilaremia and anemia were associated with the younger age group (17 - 29 years) respectively (OR 2.23, p < 0.01) and anemia (OR 1.83, p < 0.01). Conclusions: First-time blood donors in Lambaréné are predominantly young males, with a high burden of anemia and detectable microfilariae. Although microfilarial prevalence has declined, its association with anemia and concurrent TTIs raises concerns for transfusion safety. Thus, the results of our study highlight the need to revise the diagnostic algorithm currently used in Gabon for blood donation screening and suggest that it should include the detection of parasitic infections. Integrated screening for blood-borne infections and parasitic infections should be a priority in blood donation qualification processes in endemic regions.
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