全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Systematic Archaeological Investigation of the Ravne Underground Complex in Bosnia and Herzegovina

DOI: 10.4236/ad.2026.142007, PP. 125-151

Keywords: Ravne Underground Complex, Visoko Basin, Anthropogenic Tunnel Backfill, Dry-Stone Tunnel Architecture, Subterranean Stratigraphy, Multi-Period Ceramic Assemblages, Underground Archaeological Methodology

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

The Ravne underground complex near Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina, is among the most extensively investigated subsurface archaeological contexts in Southeastern Europe. Since its identification in 2005, systematic archaeological, geological, and geodetic research has been conducted through annually permitted field campaigns. This article presents a descriptive and methodological synthesis of excavation data from the Ravne underground complex (2005-2025), drawing on stratigraphic excavation, architectural documentation, artefact analysis, and spatial surveying. Investigations have documented interconnected underground passages developed within Quaternary conglomerate deposits, together with recurring features such as shaped corridors, dry-stone constructions, sealed side passages, and intentionally emplaced infill. More than 3300 ceramic fragments, along with lithic, metal, faunal, and organic remains, have been recovered from stratigraphically controlled contexts. Ceramic typology and radiocarbon dating indicate repeated human interaction with the underground space from prehistoric through medieval periods. The study emphasizes empirical documentation and methodological transparency, providing a structured framework for evaluating long-term modification and reuse of subterranean archaeological contexts.

References

[1]  Bergswik, K. A., & Dowd, M. (2018). Caves and Ritual in Medieval Europe. Oxbow Books.
https://www.academia.edu/87720962/Caves_and_Ritual_in_Medieval_Europe_edited_by_K_A_Bergsvik_and_M_Dowd_2018_
[2]  Bognar, A., Faivre, S., Buzjak, N., Pahernik, M., & Bočić, N. (2011). Recent Landform Evolution in the Dinaric and Pannonian Regions of Croatia. In D. Lóczy, et al. (Eds.), Recent Landform Evolution: The Carpatho-Balkan-Dinaric Region (pp. 313-344). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2448-8_12
[3]  Bosak, P. et al. (2015). Curves and Karst of the Balkans. Acta Carsologica, 43, 1-20.
[4]  Bugarski, I., & Radišić, M. (2016). The Central Balkans in the Early Middle Ages: Archaeological Testimonies to Change, Byzantinisation and Serbian Archaeology (I-III). Institute for Byzantine Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
https://www.academia.edu/28256079/The_Central_Balkans_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages_Archaeological_Testimonies_to_Change
[5]  Cigna, A., & Burri, E. (2000). Development, Management and Economy of Show Caves. International Journal of Speleology, 29, 1-27.
https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.29.1.1
[6]  Courty, M. A., Goldberg, P., & Macphail, R. (1989). Soils and Micromorphology in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press.
[7]  Curta, F. (2001). The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500-700 (Vol. 52). Cambridge University Press.
[8]  Ford, D., & Williams, P. (2007). Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology. Wiley.
[9]  Goldberg, P., & Macphail, R. I. (2006). Practical and Theoretical Geoarchaeology. Wiley.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118688182
[10]  Jiménez-Moreno, G., de Leeuw, A., Mandic, O., Harzhauser, M., Pavelić, D., Krijgsman, W. et al. (2009). Integrated Stratigraphy of the Early Miocene Lacustrine Deposits of Pag Island (SW Croatia): Palaeovegetation and Environmental Changes in the Dinaride Lake System. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 280, 193-206.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.05.018
[11]  Moon, T. (2014). Preliminary Technical Report on the Ravne Underground Passages. Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun Foundation.
[12]  Moyes, H. (2012). The Use of Caves in Ancient Maya Ritual Practice. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 74, 1-14.
[13]  Osmanagich, S. (2005c). Otkriće prve evropske piramide. Klepsidra, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
[14]  Osmanagich, S. (2025a). Archaeological Stratigraphy and Environmental Analysis of the Ravne 3 Tunnel Complex. Acta Scientific Environmental Science, 2, 68-96.
[15]  Osmanagich, S. (2025b). Europe’s Oldest Subterranean Structure? New Chronological and Structural Insights from Dry-Stone Wall in the Ravne 3 Tunnel Complex, Visoko, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Journal of Interdisciplinary History and Human Societies, 1, 1-11.
[16]  Osmanagich, S. (2025d). A New Class of Subterranean Dry-Stone Structures: River-Pebble Walls in the Ravne Tunnel Complex, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Journal of Environmental Biology and Science, 1, 1-15.
[17]  Osmanagich, S., Hoyle, R., & Agić, A. (2023). Ravne 3 Tunnel. Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun Foundation.
https://www.drsamosmanagich.com/files/books/ravne-3-tunnels.pdf
[18]  Pleterski, A. (2013). The Ethnogenesis of the Slavs: The Methods and the Process (Etnogeneza Slavena, Metode i Proces). Starohrvatska Prosvjeta, III Series, Vol. 40. Institute for Archaeology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
https://www.scribd.com/document/353782327/1-Andrej-Pleterski
[19]  Šabanija-Softić, A. (2025). Archaeological Excavation Report: Ravne 6 Tunnel System. Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun Foundation.
https://piramidasunca.ba/en/archaeological-research-report-ravne-tunnel-complex-2025/

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133