蒙东地区乡村多功能类型划分及其评价
Classification and Evaluation of Rural Multifunctional Types in Eastern Inner Mongolia

本文以蒙东地区39个县域为研究单元，通过构建乡村地域多功能评价指标体系，利用熵权法和ArcGIS自然间断点法揭示农业生产、非农业生产、生活保障和生态保育四个功能的空间分异特征，进而识别出蒙东地区分县域的地域主导功能类型，分别总结其乡村发展策略。结果表明：(1) 蒙东地区乡村地域功能的空间分布存在显著的分异特征。农业生产功能高值区主要分布在地形平坦、水草丰茂、土质肥沃的蒙东地区西北部；非农业生产功能高值区主要集中在二、三产业发展较好、劳动力充足、交通通达性高的县域；生活保障功能高值区主要集中在基础设施建设良好、交通条件相对发达、教育医疗等资源分布较为集中的县域；生态保育功能高值区主要集中在森林覆盖率高、生态环境重要性十分突出的大兴安岭东麓。(2) 蒙东地区乡村地域多功能的综合发展水平呈现出西南部和东北部较低，西部和中部较高的空间分异特征。总体呈现中等水平，乡村发展活力不足。(3) 依据各县域的优势功能数量，进一步将蒙东地区划分成5种乡村地域主导功能类型，分别为农业生产主导型、生活保障主导型、生态保育主导型、均衡发展型和综合发展型。基于不同的功能主导类型，提出适宜不同区域的发展建议。
In this paper, 39 counties in eastern Inner Mongolia are taken as the research unit. By constructing the rural regional multifunctional evaluation index system, entropy weight method and ArcGIS natural break point method reveal the spatial differentiation characteristics of four functions of agricultural production, non-agricultural production, livelihood security and ecological conservation, and then identify the regional dominant function types of counties in eastern Inner Mongolia. Summarize its rural development strategy respectively. The results show that: (1) the spatial distribution of rural regional functions in eastern Inner Mongolia has significant differentiation characteristics. The high-value areas of agricultural production function are mainly distributed in the northwest of eastern Inner Mongolia where the terrain is flat, the water and grass are abundant and the soil is fertile. The high-value areas of non-agricultural production function are mainly distributed in the counties with better development of secondary and tertiary industries, sufficient labor force and high traffic accessibility. The areas with high living security function are mainly concentrated in counties with good infrastructure construction, relatively developed transportation conditions, and concentrated distribution of education and medical resources. The areas with high ecological conservation function are mainly concentrated in the eastern foot of Greater Khingan Mountains with high forest coverage rate and outstanding ecological environment importance. (2) The comprehensive development level of rural regional multifunction in eastern Inner Mongolia is lower in the southwest and northeast, and higher in the west and central. The overall level is medium, and the vitality of rural development is insufficient. (3) According to the number of advantageous functions in each county, eastern Inner Mongolia is further divided into five rural regional dominant function types, namely,