Objective: This article outlines the current trajectory of GLP-1 drugs, their future uses, and potential limitations, synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials, real-world studies, and emerging clinical literature. Background: There are a handful of GLP-1s currently on the US market (Dulaglutide, Liraglutide, Semaglutide, Tirzepatide) with FDA approval to treat diabetes, obesity, and, in some cases, sleep apnea and metabolic steatohepatitis. These therapies differ from earlier glucose-lowering agents by offering additional benefits beyond diabetes, such as improved weight management and cardiometabolic outcomes. As evidence of additional therapeutic effects continues to emerge, research efforts are expanding the potential clinical applications of GLP-1-based therapies. Evidence shows benefits beyond glycemic control, including cardiovascular, renal, and neurologic outcomes. Results: Currently, GLP-1s are limited by known side effects (primarily gastrointestinal) and other barriers to access, including cost. Data is limited, especially on long-term use, and new side effects are emerging; there is a need for more research on their use, and new drugs with modified mechanisms/dosage forms may help mitigate safety risks. Several adverse effects appear to be dose-dependent and influenced by patient-specific comorbidities. Conclusions: GLP-1s are indicated for treating adults with diabetes/obesity, but are highly effective at preventing their many complications and gaining traction for other therapies (cardio/metabolic, renal, hepatic, and more). Ongoing phase 3 trials and next-generation GLP-1 and dual-agonist therapies may help address current safety and accessibility limitations.
References
[1]
Collins, L. and Costello, R.A. (2025) Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. StatPearls.
[2]
Latif, W., Lambrinos, K.J., Patel, P. and Rodriguez, R. (2025) Compare and Contrast the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1RAs). StatPearls.
[3]
Collins, L. and Costello, R.A. (2024) Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/
[4]
Seino, Y., Fukushima, M. and Yabe, D. (2010) GIP and GLP‐1, the Two Incretin Hormones: Similarities and Differences. JournalofDiabetesInvestigation, 1, 8-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00022.x
[5]
Campbell, J.E. and Drucker, D.J. (2013) Pharmacology, Physiology, and Mechanisms of Incretin Hormone Action. CellMetabolism, 17, 819-837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.008
[6]
Zepbound® (Tirzepatide) Injection for Adults with Obesity or OSA. https://zepbound.lilly.com
[7]
Mounjaro® (Tirzepatide) Injection and Zepbound® (Tirzepatide) Injection. Lilly Medicines. https://tirzepatide.lilly.com/
[8]
Farzam, K. and Patel, P. (2025) Tirzepatide. StatPearls.
[9]
Jones, B., Burade, V., Akalestou, E., Manchanda, Y., Ramchunder, Z., Carrat, G., etal. (2022) InVivo and inVitro Characterization of GL0034, a Novel Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist. Diabetes, ObesityandMetabolism, 24, 2090-2101. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14794
[10]
Rubino, D., Abrahamsson, N., Davies, M., Hesse, D., Greenway, F.L., Jensen, C., etal. (2021) Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 325, 1414-1425. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.3224
[11]
ElSayed, N.A., McCoy, R.G., Aleppo, G., Bajaj, M., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E.A., etal. (2024) 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025. DiabetesCare, 48, S181-S206. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-s009
[12]
Neuen, B.L., Heerspink, H.J.L., Vart, P., Claggett, B.L., Fletcher, R.A., Arnott, C., etal. (2024) Estimated Lifetime Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Mortality Benefits of Combination Treatment with SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Nonsteroidal MRA Compared with Conventional Care in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Albuminuria. Circulation, 149, 450-462. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.123.067584
[13]
Perkovic, V., Tuttle, K.R., Rossing, P., Mahaffey, K.W., Mann, J.F.E., Bakris, G., etal. (2024) Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. NewEnglandJournalofMedicine, 391, 109-121. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2403347
[14]
Drucker, D.J. (2024) The GLP-1 Journey: From Discovery Science to Therapeutic Impact. JournalofClinicalInvestigation, 134, e175634. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci175634
[15]
Nevola, R., Epifani, R., Imbriani, S., Tortorella, G., Aprea, C., Galiero, R., etal. (2023) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, Article 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021703
Abbasi, A., Gupta, S.S., Sabharwal, N., etal. (2021) A Comprehensive Review of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep Science, 14, 142-154.
[18]
Le, K.D.R., Le, K. and Foo, F. (2024) The Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists on Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Scoping Review. Pharmacy, 12, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12010011
Romero-Corral, A., Caples, S.M., Lopez-Jimenez, F. and Somers, V.K. (2010) Interactions between Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Chest, 137, 711-719. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-0360
[21]
Temple, N. (2022) The Origins of the Obesity Epidemic in the USA—Lessons for Today. Nutrients, 14, Article 4253. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204253
[22]
Aalaei, S., Rezaeitalab, F., Tabesh, H., etal. (2020) Factors Affecting Patients’ Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Disorder: A Multi-Method Approach. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 45, 170-178.
[23]
Wadden, D., Saad, M., Chandy, G., Aaron, S., Gao, Z., Farrell, J., etal. (2025) The Association of Body Mass Index and Adiposity-Estimating Equations with Measures of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study. NatureandScienceofSleep, 17, 1003-1019. https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s504426
[24]
Li, M., Lin, H., Yang, Q., Zhang, X., Zhou, Q., Shi, J., etal. (2024) Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis. SLEEP, 48, zsae280. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae280
[25]
(2024) FDA Approves First Medication for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. FDA. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-medication-obstructive-sleep-apnea
[26]
Butler, J., Shah, S.J., Petrie, M.C., Borlaug, B.A., Abildstrøm, S.Z., Davies, M.J., etal. (2024) Semaglutide versus Placebo in People with Obesity-Related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Pooled Analysis of the STEP-HFpEF and STEP-HFpEF DM Randomised Trials. TheLancet, 403, 1635-1648. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00469-0
[27]
Gibson, G., Blumer, V., Mentz, R.J. and Lala, A. (2021) Universal Definition and Classification of Heart Failure: A Step in the Right Direction from Failure to Function. https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2021/07/12/12/31/Universal-Definition-and-Classification-of-Heart-Failure
[28]
Marso, S.P., Daniels, G.H., Brown-Frandsen, K., et al. (2016) Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 375, 311-322. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27295427/
[29]
Dahl, D., Onishi, Y., Norwood, P., Huh, R., Bray, R., Patel, H., et al. (2022) Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-5 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 327, 534-545. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.0078
[30]
Packer, M., Zile, M.R., Kramer, C.M., Baum, S.J., Litwin, S.E., Menon, V., etal. (2025) Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. New EnglandJournalofMedicine, 392, 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2410027
[31]
Wright, A.K., Carr, M.J., Kontopantelis, E., Leelarathna, L., Thabit, H., Emsley, R., etal. (2022) Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Heart Failure Events with SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Their Combination in Type 2 Diabetes. DiabetesCare, 45, 909-918. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1113
[32]
Deanfield, J., Verma, S., Scirica, B.M., Kahn, S.E., Emerson, S.S., Ryan, D., etal. (2024) Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Obesity and Prevalent Heart Failure: A Prespecified Analysis of the SELECT Trial. TheLancet, 404, 773-786. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01498-3
[33]
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Xia, Y., Zhang, J. and Chen, L. (2024) Recent Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms, Clinical Trials and New Drug Development Strategies. SignalTransductionandTargetedTherapy, 9, Article No. 211. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01911-3
[34]
Cipriani, G., Danti, S., Picchi, L., Nuti, A. and Fiorino, M.D. (2020) Daily Functioning and Dementia. Dementia&Neuropsychologia, 14, 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-020001
[35]
Du, H., Meng, X., Yao, Y. and Xu, J. (2022) The Mechanism and Efficacy of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. FrontiersinEndocrinology, 13, Article 1033479. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1033479
[36]
Fessel, J. (2024) All GLP-1 Agonists Should, Theoretically, Cure Alzheimer’s Dementia but Dulaglutide Might Be More Effective than the Others. JournalofClinicalMedicine, 13, Article 3729. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133729
[37]
Kuhn, S., Gritti, L., Crooks, D. and Dombrowski, Y. (2019) Oligodendrocytes in Development, Myelin Generation and beyond. Cells, 8, Article 1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8111424
[38]
Beard, E., Lengacher, S., Dias, S., Magistretti, P.J. and Finsterwald, C. (2022) Astrocytes as Key Regulators of Brain Energy Metabolism: New Therapeutic Perspectives. FrontiersinPhysiology, 12, Article 825816. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.825816
[39]
Tipa, R.O., Balan, D., Georgescu, M., Ignat, L.A., Vacaroiu, I.A., Georgescu, D.E., etal. (2024) A Systematic Review of Semaglutide’s Influence on Cognitive Function in Preclinical Animal Models and Cell-Line Studies. InternationalJournalofMolecularSciences, 25, Article 4972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094972
[40]
Elbadawy, N.N., Saad, M.A., Elfarrash, S., Ahmed, M.A.E. and Abdelkader, N.F. (2025) The GLP-1 Agonist Semaglutide Ameliorates Cognitive Regression in P301S Tauopathy Mice Model via Autophagy/ACE2/SIRT1/FOXO1-Mediated Microglia Polarization. EuropeanJournalofPharmacology, 991, Article ID: 177305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177305
[41]
McClean, P.L. and Hölscher, C. (2014) Liraglutide Can Reverse Memory Impairment, Synaptic Loss and Reduce Plaque Load in Aged APP/PS1 Mice, a Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuropharmacology, 76, 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.08.005
[42]
Wang, W., Davis, P.B., Qi, X., Gurney, M., Perry, G., Volkow, N.D., etal. (2025) Associations of Semaglutide with Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Dementias in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Target Trial Emulation Study. Journal of Alzheimer’sDisease, 106, 1509-1522. https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251351329
[43]
Femminella, G.D., etal. (2019) Evaluating the Effects of the Novel GLP-1 Analogue Liraglutide in Alzheimer’s Disease: Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial (ELAD Study). Trials, 20, Article No. 191. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3259-x
[44]
Cummings, J.L., Atri, A., Feldman, H.H., Hansson, O., Sano, M., Knop, F.K., etal. (2025) Evoke and Evoke+: Design of Two Large-Scale, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Studies Evaluating Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Semaglutide in Early-Stage Symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’sResearch&Therapy, 17, Article No. 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01666-7
[45]
Klausen, M.K., Thomsen, M., Wortwein, G. and Fink‐Jensen, A. (2022) The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP‐1) in Addictive Disorders. BritishJournalofPharmacology, 179, 625-641. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15677
[46]
Hendershot, C.S., Bremmer, M.P., Paladino, M.B., Kostantinis, G., Gilmore, T.A., Sullivan, N.R., etal. (2025) Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMAPsychiatry, 82, 395-405. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4789
[47]
Radkhah, H., Rahimipour Anaraki, S., Parhizkar Roudsari, P., Arabzadeh Bahri, R., Zooravar, D., Asgarian, S., et al. (2025) The Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists in the Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EatingandWeightDisorders—StudiesonAnorexia, BulimiaandObesity, 30, Article No. 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01720-9
[48]
Astrup, A., Carraro, R., Finer, N., Harper, A., Kunesova, M., Lean, M.E.J., etal. (2011) Safety, Tolerability and Sustained Weight Loss over 2 Years with the Once-Daily Human GLP-1 Analog, Liraglutide. InternationalJournalofObesity, 36, 843-854. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.158
[49]
Rotondo, A., Janssen, P., Mulè, F. and Tack, J. (2012) Effect of the GLP-1 Analog Liraglutide on Satiation and Gastric Sensorimotor Function during Nutrient-Drink Ingestion. InternationalJournalofObesity, 37, 693-698. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.101
[50]
Heck, A.M., Yanovski, J.A. and Calis, K.A. (2000) Orlistat, a New Lipase Inhibitor for the Management of Obesity. Pharmacotherapy: TheJournalofHumanPharmacologyandDrugTherapy, 20, 270-279. https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.20.4.270.34882
[51]
Bartel, S., McElroy, S.L., Levangie, D. and Keshen, A. (2023) Use of Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonists in Eating Disorder Populations. InternationalJournalofEatingDisorders, 57, 286-293. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24109
[52]
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C.M., Bindlish, S., etal. (2025) Nutritional Priorities to Support GLP-1 Therapy for Obesity: A Joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and the Obesity Society. Obesity, 33, 1475-1503. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.24336
[53]
Catanese, L. (2024) GLP-1 Diabetes and Weight-Loss Drug Side Effects: “Ozempic Face” and More. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/glp-1-diabetes-and-weight-loss-drug-side-effects-ozempic-face-and-more
[54]
Sodhi, M., Rezaeianzadeh, R., Kezouh, A. and Etminan, M. (2023) Risk of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events Associated with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss. JAMA, 330, 1795-1797. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.19574
[55]
Shyangdan, D.S., Royle, P., Clar, C., Sharma, P., Waugh, N. and Snaith, A. (2011) Glucagon-Like Peptide Analogues for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cochrane Database of SystematicReviews, No. 10, CD006423. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006423.pub2
[56]
Morales, D.R., Bu, F., Viernes, B., DuVall, S.L., Matheny, M.E., Simon, K.R., etal. (2025) Risk of Thyroid Tumors with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Retrospective Cohort Study. DiabetesCare, 48, 1386-1394. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-0154
Zhang, J., Ma, Y., Zu, Q., Wang, X. and Zhang, Y. (2024) GLP-1 Receptor Agonist–Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report. Medicine, 103, e39799. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000039799
[59]
Alduraibi, R.K., Alrebdi, Y.M. and Altowayan, Y.F. (2023) Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis after the Initiation of Dulaglutide in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes. Medicine, 102, e34027. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034027
[60]
Brown, E., Heerspink, H.J.L., Cuthbertson, D.J. and Wilding, J.P.H. (2021) SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Established and Emerging Indications. TheLancet, 398, 262-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00536-5
[61]
Sood, N., Buddhavarapu, V. and Garg, R. (2025) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Causing Euglycemic Ketoacidosis in Patients without Diabetes: A Brief Review. InternationalJournalofObesity, 49, 977-979. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01749-x
[62]
Mawardi, H.H., Almazrooa, S.A., Dakhil, S.A., Aboalola, A.A., Al-Ghalib, T.A., Eshky, R.T., etal. (2023) Semaglutide-Associated Hyposalivation: A Report of Case Series. Medicine, 102, e36730. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000036730
[63]
Khan, I. (2025) Care of Dental Patients on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists or Tirzepatide Requiring Sedation. BritishDentalJournal, 238, 365-366. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-025-8563-0
[64]
Ahmad, P., Estrin, N., Farshidfar, N., Zhang, Y. and Miron, R.J. (2025) Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) Improve Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. JournalofPeriodontalResearch, 60, 450-465. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.13410
[65]
Zhang, Y., Yuan, X., Wu, Y., Pei, M., Yang, M., Wu, X., etal. (2020) Liraglutide Regulates Bone Destruction and Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Periodontitis inVitro and inVivo. JournalofDentistry, 94, Article ID: 103310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103310
[66]
Kim, H.R., Jung, W.K. and Kim, J. (2023) Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 on Salivary Gland Hypofunction in Diabetic Db/Db Mice. JournalofBiomedicalTranslationalResearch, 24, 139-150. https://doi.org/10.12729/jbtr.2023.24.4.139
[67]
Pellegrini, C.A. (2001) Delayed Gastric Emptying in Patients with Abnormal Gastroesophageal Reflux. AnnalsofSurgery, 234, 147-148. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-200108000-00003
[68]
Shankar, A., Sharma, A., Vinas, A. and Chilton, R.J. (2024) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Delayed Gastric Emptying: Implications for Invasive Cardiac Interventions and Surgery. Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism, 14, e00321. https://doi.org/10.1097/xce.0000000000000321
[69]
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2025) Compounding when Drugs are on FDA’s Drug Shortages List. FDA. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/compounding-when-drugs-are-fdas-drug-shortages-list
[70]
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2025) FDA’s Concerns with Unapproved GLP-1 Drugs Used for Weight Loss. FDA. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/fdas-concerns-unapproved-glp-1-drugs-used-weight-loss
[71]
Meline, M. (2024) Key Lessons for Ethical and Affordable Access to GLP-1 Drugs. https://ldi.upenn.edu/our-work/research-updates/key-lessons-for-ethical-and-affordable-access-to-glp-1-drugs-like-ozempic-and-wegovy/
[72]
Solutions, S.H. (2025) Addressing GLP-1 Access and Adherence Challenges with Specialty Pharmacy Solutions. https://shieldshealthsolutions.com/glp1-access-adherence-specialty-pharmacy/
[73]
Williams, E. (2026) Medicaid Coverage of and Spending on GLP-1s. KFF. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/medicaid-coverage-of-and-spending-on-glp-1s/
[74]
Plank, J. (2025) A Heavy Price: The Economic and Social Costs of GLP-1 Weight Loss Drugs. Equilibrium. https://equilibriumecon.wisc.edu/2025/01/09/a-heavy-price-the-economic-and-social-costs-of-glp-1-weight-loss-drugs/
[75]
Zimmermann, G. (2025) GLP-1 Coverage and Underserved Populations: The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Obesity Treatment Access. Vida. https://www.vida.com/thought-leadership/glp-1-coverage-and-underserved-populations/
[76]
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2025) FDA Clarifies Policies for Compounders as National GLP-1 Supply Begins to Stabilize. FDA. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-clarifies-policies-compounders-national-glp-1-supply-begins-stabilize
[77]
Bhosale, V. (2025) Optimizing GLP-1 Therapy: A Focus on Patient Education and Virtual Care Strategies. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/care-coordination/optimizing-glp-1-therapy-a-focus-on-patient-education-and-virtual-care-strategies/
[78]
Daley, S.F. and Balasundaram, P. (2025) Obesity in Pediatric Patients. StatPearls.
[79]
Owens, D.R., Monnier, L. and Barnett, A.H. (2017) Future Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in Type 2 Diabetes: Hanging the Paradigm of Current Therapy. Diabetes, ObesityandMetabolism, 19, 1339-1352. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12977
[80]
Melson, E., Ashraf, U., Papamargaritis, D. and Davies, M.J. (2024) What Is the Pipeline for Future Medications for Obesity? InternationalJournalofObesity, 49, 433-451. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01473-y
[81]
Rosenstock, J., Hsia, S., Nevarez Ruiz, L., Eyde, S., Cox, D., Wu, W., etal. (2025) Orforglipron, an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Early Type 2 Diabetes. NewEnglandJournalofMedicine, 393, 1065-1076. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2505669
