Diabetic Foot: Epidemiological, Radiological, and Therapeutic Aspects at Donka University Hospital 2022

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that can lead to multiple complications (coma, kidney failure, foot lesions, etc.). These lesions and their sequelae are among the most common reasons for hospitalization in diabetics. The overall objective was to determine the contribution of radiography in the monitoring of foot lesions in diabetics. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical case-control study, conducted in the endocrinology department of Donka National Hospital March 1, 2022 to August 30, 2022. The cases consisted of patients with diabetic foot lesions, while the controls consisted of patients with non-diabetic foot lesions. The two groups were compared to identify cardiovascular risk factors and degenerative complications associated with diabetes. The variables studied included epidemiological data, the clinical and radiological characteristics of the lesions, and the surgical treatment modalities. Results: Of the 72 patients enrolled, 20% developed foot lesions, including 97.19% elementary lesions, 45% joint lesions, and 48.6% soft tissue lesions. The most common locations of these lesions were: the phalanges with 60.53%, followed by the metatarsals with 27.59%. Amputation was performed in 27.77% of cases, followed by flattening (54.16% of cases) and disarticulation in 18.05%. Conclusion: Foot injuries in diabetics represent a serious medical, social, and economic health problem that must be taken into account in their care.