This paper examines the potential implications of China’s One Belt, One Road (OBOR) Initiative for Ghana, offering a prospective analysis rather than an assessment of active implementation, as Ghana is not yet a formal participant in the initiative. Launched in 2013, OBOR—comprising the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road—aims to expand trade, investment, and infrastructure connectivity between China and emerging economies. Drawing on a qualitative research approach, the study employs a comprehensive review of existing literature, policy analysis of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) frameworks, and an evaluative case study of the Bui Dam project to explore the likely economic and developmental outcomes of Ghana’s potential participation. The analysis focuses on key areas including trade relations with China, infrastructure development, employment generation, and possible effects on Ghana’s balance of payments. Findings suggest that deeper engagement with OBOR could enhance infrastructure financing and accelerate economic growth through improved connectivity and large-scale development projects. However, the study also highlights significant risks, particularly the potential marginalization of local manufacturing industries due to increased import competition and structural trade imbalances. The paper concludes that while strategic participation in the OBOR Initiative may be vital for Ghana’s long-term infrastructure and development goals, these benefits can only be sustained if accompanied by strong domestic industrial and trade policies. In particular, the government must prioritize the protection and expansion of local manufacturing capacity to ensure that engagement with OBOR supports inclusive growth and strengthens the domestic economy rather than undermining it.
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