Vigna unguiculata is the main legume grown in Africa. A major constraint to its production is cowpea mosaic disease (CABMV), transmitted by aphids. This disease can cause yield losses of up to 87%. The objectives of this study were to sanitize contaminated cowpea seeds by thermotherapy and to evaluate agro-morphological parameters in the field. Contaminated seeds from a local accession (Kahkiri) susceptible to CABMV were heat-treated in water baths of 59？C, 61？C, 63？C, 65？C and 67？C for 15 minutes. Agronomic parameters were assessed in the field (Pissa, Central African Republic) over a three-month period up to harvest. Overall, although none of the treatment temperatures tested totally eliminated the virus and resulted in 100% CABMV-free seedlings, heat-treated cowpea seeds produced 87.5% plants with a significantly lower incidence and severity of CABMV symptoms than untreated plants. Our results show that 65？C represents the optimum treatment temperature, with no negative impact on seed regeneration capacity, and for which we observed the highest seed yield (95.77 kg/ha ± 34.71) and biomass (437.98 kg/ha ± 133.7) equivalent to untreated seeds from asymptomatic plants (95.07 kg/ha ± 27.08 and 441.98 kg/ha ± 132.29, respectively), while the yield of seedlings and biomass in plants from contaminated and untreated seeds was the lowest (43.18 kg/ha ± 27.53 and 236.54 kg/ha ± 92.47, respectively).
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