技术异化的三重批判——生成式AI时代人类主体性的解构与确证
Threefold Critique of Technological Alienation—Deconstruction and Affirmation of Human Subjectivity in the Era of Generative AI

本文以马克思主义的异化理论为核心框架，结合法兰克福学派的技术批判思想，对生成式人工智能(Generative AI)时代下人类主体性的危机进行了三重批判。文章首先回顾了人类主体性在西方哲学、东方智慧及马克思主义理论中的思想渊源。随后，文章的核心部分从三个维度剖析了生成式AI对人类主体性的解构机制：1) 劳动异化，即人类从创造性生产者降格为AI系统的数据附庸；2) 认知异化，即批判性思维被算法推荐和概率模型所取代，人类沦为“算法囚徒”；3) 交往异化，即真实的社会互动被模拟的、符号化的“拟真交互”所替代。最后，文章提出了主体性复归的确证路径，包括技术向善、价值对齐和构建人机协同的新文明形态，旨在为实现技术发展与人类解放的统一提供理论参考。
This paper employs Marxist alienation theory as its core framework and integrates the Frankfurt School’s critical perspective on technology to conduct a three-pronged critique of the crisis of human subjectivity in the era of Generative AI. The article begins by tracing the intellectual origins of human subjectivity in Western philosophy, Eastern wisdom, and Marxist theory. Subsequently, the core section of the paper dissects the deconstructive mechanisms of Generative AI on human subjectivity from three dimensions: 1) labor alienation, where humans are downgraded from creative producers to data appendages of AI systems; 2) cognitive alienation, where critical thinking is supplanted by algorithmic recommendations and probabilistic models, reducing humans to “algorithmic prisoners”; 3) communicative alienation, where authentic social interactions are replaced by simulated, symbolic “pseudo-real interactions.” Finally, the paper proposes confirmatory pathways for the restoration of subjectivity, including technology for good, value alignment, and the construction of a new civilizational form of human-machine collaboration, aiming to provide theoretical references for achieving the unity of technological development and human liberation.