煤矿地质环境保护与治理研究——以谢家集矿区为例
Study on the Protection and Treatment of Coal Mine Geological Environment—Taking Xiejiaji Mining Area as an Example

我国“富煤、贫油、少气”的能源结构决定了煤炭资源对经济发展的重要性，但煤矿开采易引发滑坡、地面塌陷等地质灾害，还会造成地下水污染、土壤污染等多方面环境问题，严重制约可持续发展。本文分析了煤炭资源状况、水文地质、地质构造等影响因素，采用层次分析法、综合指数法两种常用的评价方法，以谢家集矿区为例进行评价，划分出严重区、较重区、一般区三个等级，并给出了相关治理措施建议，包括地质灾害防控、水资源保护、土地复垦、煤矸石综合利用等针对性措施，研究结果能够为相似地区提供可复制的技术路径与治理模式参考，提升矿区生态功能恢复效率与地质灾害防控能力，对推动矿区生态修复与可持续发展具有一定价值和潜力。
China’s energy structure characterized by “abundant coal, scarce oil, and limited natural gas” underscores the critical role of coal resources in economic development. However, coal mining activities frequently trigger geological hazards like landslides and ground subsidence, while also causing environmental issues including groundwater contamination and soil degradation, severely hindering sustainable development. This study examines coal resource conditions, hydrogeological factors, and geological structures through two established evaluation methods: the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Comprehensive Index Method. Using the Xiejiaji mining area as a case study, the research classifies regions into three categories: severely affected, moderately affected, and generally unaffected. It proposes targeted measures covering geological hazard prevention, water resource conservation, land reclamation, and comprehensive utilization of coal gangue. The findings provide replicable technical pathways and governance models for similar regions, enhancing ecological restoration efficiency and geological disaster prevention capabilities in mining areas. These insights hold significant value and potential for advancing ecological rehabilitation and sustainable development in mining regions.