基于生态位理论的高校图书馆开放科学功能转型与角色演进
Research on the Functional Transformation and Role Evolution of University Libraries in Open Science Based on the Niche Theory

开放科学推动全球学术生态变革，高校图书馆功能定位亟待调整。文章以“生态位理论”为框架，围绕开放获取、开放研究数据、开放科学教育三大维度，探究高校图书馆功能转型与角色演进。研究表明，高校图书馆通过生态位重构实现角色跃迁：开放获取维度从“资源采购者”转为“OA生态构建者”，开放数据维度从“数据存储者”升级为“数据整合者与分析者”，开放教育维度从“教育资源提供者”演进为“教育场景赋能者”；同时，其通过与科研管理部门、出版机构、国际组织的协同，形成生态网络，巩固“知识服务枢纽”核心生态位。研究为高校图书馆适配开放科学发展、明晰功能与实践路径提供参考。
Open science has promoted the reform of the global academic ecology, and the functional orientation of university libraries urgently needs to be adjusted. Taking the “niche theory” as the framework, this paper explores the functional transformation and role evolution of university libraries by focusing on three core dimensions: open access, open research data, and open science education. The research shows that university libraries have achieved a role leap through niche reconstruction: in the dimension of open access, they have transformed from “resource purchasers” to “OA ecology builders”; in the dimension of open data, they have upgraded from “data storers” to “data integrators and analysts”; and in the dimension of open science education, they have evolved from “educational resource providers” to “educational scenario enablers”. At the same time, by establishing collaboration with research management departments, publishers, and international organizations, university libraries have formed an ecological network and consolidated their core niche as “knowledge service hubs”. This research provides references for university libraries to adapt to the development of open science and clarify their functions and practical paths.