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基于金属有机框架的电化学传感器的研究进展
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Abstract:
金属有机框架(MOFs)作为一种由金属离子/簇与有机连接体自组装形成的晶态多孔材料，凭借其极高的比表面积、可调的孔道结构及丰富的表面化学特性，已成为构筑高性能电化学传感器的理想平台材料。本文系统综述了基于MOFs的电化学传感器的最新研究进展，重点探讨了三大类材料体系：原始MOFs、MOF衍生功能材料以及MOF基复合材料。通过合理的结构设计，如构建本征导电的MOFs或将其与碳材料、金属纳米粒子等功能单元复合，可有效克服MOFs自身导电性不足的局限，显著提升传感器对目标分析物的响应灵敏度与选择性。这些先进的传感平台在环境监测(如重金属离子、污染物)、生物医药(如神经递质、葡萄糖、疾病标志物)及食品安全等领域的检测中展现出巨大应用潜力。尽管在材料稳定性、导电性及机理研究方面仍面临挑战，但通过精准的分子工程与复合策略，MOF基电化学传感器在面向实际应用的灵敏、快速及多组分检测方面前景广阔。
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), crystalline porous materials formed through the self-assembly of metal ions/clusters with organic linkers, have emerged as ideal platform materials for constructing high-performance electrochemical sensors due to their exceptionally high specific surface area, tunable pore architecture, and rich surface chemical properties. This paper systematically reviews recent advancements in MOF-based electrochemical sensors, focusing on three major material categories: pristine MOFs, MOF-derived functional materials, and MOF-based composites. Through strategic structural design—such as constructing intrinsically conductive MOFs or integrating them with functional units like carbon materials and metal nanoparticles—the inherent conductivity limitations of MOFs can be effectively overcome, significantly enhancing sensor responsiveness and selectivity toward target analytes. These advanced sensing platforms demonstrate immense application potential in environmental monitoring (heavy metal ions, pollutants), biomedicine (neurotransmitters, glucose, disease biomarkers), and food safety detection. Despite ongoing challenges in material stability, conductivity, and mechanism studies, MOF-based electrochemical sensors hold promising prospects for sensitive, rapid, and multi-component detection in practical applications through precise molecular engineering and composite strategies.
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