评注副词“好歹”的句法验证与话语关联研究
A Study on the Syntactic Verification and Discourse Relation of the Adverbial Phrase “haodai” (好歹)

本研究基于语义语法理论，对评注副词“好歹”的句法功能及话语关联展开描写和验证。在句法验证层面，从语气选择、句法位置、同现成分、时体选择等方面总结副词“好歹₁”与“好歹₂”的异同，并明确了副词“好歹”的主观确信性、现实性倾向。在话语关联层面，从外部逻辑联系、内部逻辑联系至语义逻辑、情感态度逻辑对副词“好歹”的语义结构进行分析，明确副词“好歹”具有“违预受果”这一核心语义，并讨论了由于结构位置、需求预期统一性及概率判断所导致的“好歹₁”与“好歹₂”在语义解读层面存在一定差异，使得副词“好歹”的语法意义在句法、语义、语用层面得到了系统的说明。
This study employs a syntactic-semantic framework to describe and validate the syntactic function and discourse cohesion of the evaluative adverb “haodai” (好歹). At the syntactic validation level, the similarities and differences between “haodai₁” (好歹₁) and “haodai₂” (好歹₂) are summarized from aspects such as modal selection, syntactic position, co-occurring constituents, and tense-aspect choice. This clarifies the adverb’s subjective certainty and reality-oriented tendencies. At the discourse cohesion level, the semantic structure of the adverb “haodai” (好歹) is analyzed through external logical connections, internal logical connections, semantic logic, and emotional-attitudinal logic. We describe its core semantic meaning as “Reluctantly accepting the outcome after it deviates from expectations”. It further discusses how structural position, the unity of demand-expectation, and probabilistic judgements lead to certain differences in the semantic interpretation of “haodai₁” (好歹₁) and “haodai₂” (好歹₂). Consequently, the grammatical meaning of the adverb ‘“haodai” (好歹) is systematically elucidated at the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels.