32份小麦种质资源全生育期耐盐综合评价
Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance during the Whole Growth Period of 32 Wheat Germplasm Resources (Triticum aestivum L.)

本研究以32份不同地区来源的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)为试验材料，通过设置0、2%、4%三种NaCl浓度浇灌处理，系统测定小麦亩穗数、千粒重及种子产量等关键农艺性状，结合多样性分析、差异性分析及相对耐盐力分析方法开展耐盐性鉴定，旨在筛选适宜唐山盐碱地种植的小麦品种。结果表明，随着盐浓度升高，32份小麦材料亩穗数与千粒重的变异系数均呈递增趋势，且两项指标在4%盐浓度处理下均达到最大值，表明高盐环境下小麦群体的性状差异更为显著。同一盐浓度处理条件下，32份供试材料的亩穗数、千粒重与对照(0 NaCl)相比均存在不同程度差异；而同一材料在不同盐浓度处理下，绝大多数材料的千粒重呈现显著性差异。值得关注的是，材料X1、X2、X7、X11、X14在盐处理条件下，千粒重较对照出现不同程度的增大，表现出独特的耐盐响应特征。依据小麦耐盐性评价标准进行分级，筛选出高耐盐(1级)品种13份，32份材料中高耐盐(1级)品种4份，分别为X5、X18、X27、X32；耐盐(2级)品种14份，分别为X6、X8、X9、X19、X20、X21、X22、X23、X25、X26、X28、X29、X30、X31；中耐盐(3级)品种9份，为X1、X2、X7、X10、X13、X15、X16、X17、X24，上述筛选出的小麦材料具有良好的盐碱环境适应性和耐盐能力，可为唐山盐碱地小麦产业的优质高效发展提供适宜品种支撑，具备推广应用价值。
This study focused on 32 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm resources from different regions. Under irrigation with different NaCl concentrations (0, 2%, 4%), the number of spikes per mu, thousand-grain weight, and seed yield were investigated. Diversity analysis, difference analysis, and relative salt tolerance analysis were used to identify salt tolerance of wheat and screen varieties suitable for planting in saline-alkali land of Tangshan. The results showed that the variation coefficients of spikes per mu and thousand-grain weight of the 32 wheat varieties increased with increasing salt concentration, with the highest values observed under 4% salt concentration. Compared with the control (0 NaCl), the spikes per mu and thousand-grain weight of the 32 tested materials showed certain differences under the same salt concentration. For the same material under different salt concentrations, the thousand-grain weight of most materials had significant differences. Notably, the thousand-grain weight of materials X1, X2, X7, X11 and X14 increased to varying degrees under salt treatments compared with the control. Based on the wheat salt tolerance evaluation criteria, the salt tolerance of the tested materials was graded. Varieties with grade 1 (high salt tolerance) included X5, X18, X27 and X32; varieties with grade 2 (salt tolerance) included X6, X8, X9, X19, X20, X21, X22, X23, X25, X26, X28, X29, X30 and X31; and variety with grade 3 (moderate salt tolerance) was X1, X2, X7, X10, X13, X15, X16, X17 and X24. These materials have good adaptability and salt tolerance, making them suitable for popularization and planting in saline-alkali land of Tangshan.