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多功能有机框架及其生物医学应用研究进展
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Abstract:
有机框架材料(Organic framework materials, OFs)凭借其结构可调、功能多样等特性，在生物医学领域展现出重要的应用潜力。本文系统梳理了金属–有机框架(MOFs)、共价有机框架(COFs)及氢键有机框架(HOFs)三类材料的结构特点，并重点评述了它们在生物医学方面的前沿应用。研究表明，通过合理的结构孔隙设计，OFs可实现高效药物负载，例如ZIF-8在抗癌药物递送中的应用；表面功能化修饰可增强其抗菌性能，如Ag-MOFs通过促进活性氧(ROS)生成以提升抗菌效果；部分OFs还可作为高灵敏度生物传感平台，例如基于COFs的荧光探针；此外，OFs在光热治疗中也显示出良好潜力，如HOFs在近红外光照射下的肿瘤消融效果。然而，OFs在走向临床转化的过程中仍面临生物相容性、体内降解行为及大规模制备等关键挑战。未来研究应聚焦于开发智能响应型OFs系统(如pH或光触发释放机制)，并探索其在多模态协同治疗中的应用，以推动该类材料从基础研究向临床实践的转化。
Organic framework materials (OFs) exhibit broad prospects in the biomedical field due to their tunable structure and multifunctionality. This review systematically summarizes the classification, formation mechanisms, and synthesis strategies (such as solvothermal method and microwave-assisted method) of MOFs, COFs, and HOFs, and focuses on their innovative applications in biomedicine. Research indicates that OFs can achieve efficient drug loading through pore engineering (such as ZIF-8 delivering anticancer drugs), enhance antibacterial performance through surface functionalization (such as the ROS generation capability of Ag-MOFs), serve as high-sensitivity biosensors (such as COFs fluorescent probes), or treat cancer through photothermal effects (the application of HOFs in photothermal therapy). However, the clinical translation of OFs still faces challenges such as biocompatibility, in vivo degradation behavior, and large-scale preparation. Future research needs to focus on the design of intelligent responsive systems (such as pH/light-triggered release) and the development of multimodal treatment platforms to facilitate their transition from laboratory research to practical applications.
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