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RPE细胞损伤在糖尿病视网膜病变中的作用及可能机制的综述
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Abstract:
糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)作为糖尿病的常见并发症，是导致失明和视力损伤的主要病因。视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium, RPE)是视网膜的基本组成部分，在视觉功能中发挥重要作用。近年来，越来越多的研究表明，RPE细胞功能障碍与DR的发生及发展密切相关。本文对RPE细胞在DR中的形态及功能改变进行了系统综述，并深入探讨了其潜在的分子机制，包括氧化应激、炎症反应、细胞外基质沉积、自噬能力改变、上皮-间充质转化以及血管生成因子失衡等。此外，本文还归纳总结了针对RPE细胞的潜在治疗策略，旨在为DR的临床治疗提供全新的理论依据和研究方向。
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), an essential component of the retina, plays a critical role in maintaining visual function. In recent years, increasing evidence has demonstrated that RPE cell dysfunction is closely associated with the onset and progression of DR. This review provides a systematic summary of the morphological and functional alterations of RPE cells in DR and explores their underlying molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix deposition, impaired autophagy, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and imbalance of angiogenic factors. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic strategies targeting RPE cells are summarized, aiming to provide new theoretical insights and research directions for the clinical treatment of DR.
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