Interleukin-1 pro-inflammatory cytokines orchestrate local and systemic inflammatory responses in several diseases. Three therapeutic agents for reducing the activities of IL-1 are currently available. Conditions effectively treated with IL-1 blocking agents range from classical rheumatic diseases to autoinflammatory syndromes. In addition, IL-1 antagonism is also effective against other very common diseases, namely cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, which are also co-morbidities, frequently found in patients with rheumatic diseases. Therefore, inhibition of IL-1 may provide clinical benefits beyond the efficacy of osteoarticular manifestations. The purpose of this article is to review the indications for anti-interleukins 1 in rheumatology.
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