National Overview of Antibiotic Use in Senegal

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as one of the most pressing global threats to public health and development. A key driver of AMR is the widespread and often inappropriate consumption of antimicrobials. This study aims to evaluate the national level of antibacterial consumption in Senegal over a three-year period. Methods: Antibacterial consumption data were collected and analyzed for the years 2021 to 2023, following the GLASS methodology. Antimicrobials were classified using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) system, and consumption volumes were expressed in Defined Daily Doses (DDD). Only products listed in the 2023 ATC/DDD index were included. Consumption was aggregated across all levels of care community and hospital settings, public and private sectors. To assess the relative consumption by AWaRe categories, the 2024 version of the AWaRe classification was applied. Results: Antibacterial consumption in Senegal, measured in Defined Daily Doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day, was recorded at 12.91 in 2021, 13.94 in 2022, and 12.84 in 2023. When analyzed by ATC3 subgroups, Beta-lactam antibacterials were the most consumed class, representing 55.3% of total antibacterial use in 2021, 54.9% in 2022, and 52.8% in 2023. These were followed by quinolone antibacterials, which accounted for 12.2%, 11.6%, and 12.5% of total consumption in the respective years. According to the AWaRe classification, Access group antibacterials were the most frequently prescribed, comprising 74.7% of total use in 2021, 77.3% in 2022, and 74.8% in 2023. Conclusion: Antibacterial consumption in Senegal remains substantial, with Beta-lactam and quinolone antibacterials being the most commonly used classes.