Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a major global public health problem. Deficiency in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is considered a potential risk factor in its onset and progression. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes in Parakou in 2023. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical study with prospective data collection conducted from January 30 to March 3, 2023. The study population consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes attending the outpatient clinic of the NGO Diabetes Benin. Vitamin D deficiency was defined according to the Endocrine Society’s clinical practice guidelines. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with 25(OH)D deficiency at a significance threshold of 5%. Results: A total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Their mean age was 60.35 ± 11.28 years, with a predominance of females (66.67%). The mean 25(OH)D concentration was 17.35 ± 7.21 ng/mL. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was 63.33% (95% CI [54.05 - 71.94]). Normal blood pressure (ORa = 0.30; p = 0.0242) and normal fasting blood glucose (ORa = 0.30; p = 0.0118) were identified as protective factors against 25(OH)D deficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is frequent among patients with type 2 diabetes in Parakou. Good glycemic control and vitamin D supplementation appear to be necessary.
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