Correlation between Clinical, Endoscopic, and Anatomopathological Aspects of Chronic Gastritis: Retrospective Study of 600 Cases at CNHU-HKM Cotonou (Benin)

Introduction: Chronic gastritis is a multifactorial condition whose management requires clinical, endoscopic, and histological analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among these three aspects in 600 patients, highlighting the dominant characteristics and their associations. Methodology: Data from 600 cases of chronic gastritis were collected, including epidemiological, clinical, endoscopic, and histological characteristics (Sydney System). Statistical analyses were performed to assess correlations between these parameters. Results: This study included as many women (52.33%) as men (47.0%). Clinically, epigastric pain (one-third of patients) and dysphagia (one-sixth of patients) were the most common symptoms. Endoscopy revealed antral or fundal mucosal congestion in approximately half of the patients, while a quarter presented with specific lesions such as erythema, nodules, or ulcers. Histologically, the majority of cases presented with mild activity and moderate or severe inflammation, regardless of endoscopic findings. Atrophy was moderate, while metaplasia and lymphoid follicles were rare. H. pylori density was generally mild. Despite these observations, no significant correlation was found between clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights the lack of a statistically significant relationship between clinical, endoscopic, and histological investigations in chronic gastritis. Endoscopic findings do not always reflect the severity of histological or clinical abnormalities. These findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of chronic gastritis.