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Bio-Inspired Fabrication and Performance of Flexible Superhydrophobic Films

DOI: 10.4236/msa.2025.1610028, PP. 493-501

Keywords: Superhydrophobic, Flexible Film, Template Replication, Fluorosilane

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Abstract:

The lotus leaf, paradigmatic in superhydrophobic research, exhibits a water contact angle of θ = 160.4? ± 1.5? and a sliding angle of 2? ± 1?, enabled by its micro-/nano-hierarchical architecture. Herein, we report a facile two-step protocol—micro-texture replication followed by fluorination—to fabricate flexible, low-adhesion, superhydrophobic films. Using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, part A) and curing agent (part B) as the matrix, biomimetic micro-cones were faithfully duplicated from a master mold, with matched elastic modulus, thermal stability which can withstand extreme conditions of 300?C, as well as inert chemical stability (100% ethanol resistance). Subsequent vapor-phase grafting of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS) yielded robust fluorocarbon chains oriented outward, minimizing surface energy. The resulting film possesses a static water contact angle of 158.3? ± 1.2? and a sliding angle of 3.1? ± 0.4?, surpassing the conventional benchmarks (WCA ≥ 150?, SA ≤ 10?). The material demonstrates significant potential for self-cleaning solar panels, anti-icing aircraft coatings, and corrosion-resistant marine surfaces.

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