Variation in Performance in Different Specific Physical Tests during a Menstrual Cycle in Congolese Handball Players

Background: Handball is an intense intermittent sport, played for 60 minutes (two halves), with physical exertion provoking heart rates above 85% of HRmax and VO₂max up to 61 ml/kg/min in men. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the variations in physiological responses and physical performances in female handball players during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Methodology: The performances measured included the intermittent Yo-Yo test, repeated sprints and exercises with a weighted ball (jumps, shots, supports, supports and duels simulating the attack/defense opposition). The sample consisted of female handball players aged 19.71 ± 0.72 years. Results: The tests revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) according to the phases of the cycle. Performance in ball exercises and repeated sprints is better in the follicular phase. The cycle also influences performance in the Yo-Yo test, maximum heart rate, and muscle strength, with optimal results during the ovulatory phase. Conclusion: The menstrual cycle influences the physical performance of handball players, with better results observed in the follicular phase, especially around ovulation. These variations must be taken into account in training planning to optimize performance and limit fatigue.