This study examines the impact of trade unions on employees’ productivity within South Sudan’s public sector, focusing on Juba Municipality. The study adopted a quantitative research methodology underpinned by a positivist philosophy. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to a stratified random sample of employees from unionized and non-unionized employees of the South Sudan Workers Trade Union Federation (SSWTUF) and the Employer Association of South Sudan (EASS). To analyze the relationship, we used both Multiple Linear Regression Model to explore direct relationship and control effect, and Structural Equation Model (SEM) to provide more comprehensive assessment of latent constructs and indirect effects, offering complementary insights into union engagement and productivity dynamics. Consequently, Composite Reliability and Cronbach’s Alpha were used to assess constructs reliability, while Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Convergent and Discriminant validity were applied to test validity. To test the effect of multicollinearity, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) was also used. The regression analysis findings revealed a robust positive correlation between union involvement and productivity, with unionized employees showing higher performance. Constructs exhibited strong validity and reliability, affirming relevance in assessing the influence of unions on productivity metrics. Key drivers include union-negotiated policies, frequent activities, and strong union leadership. While constructs exhibited strong validity and reliability, demographic measures require refinement. The study recommends strengthening training, communication, and representation within unions, and suggests future longitudinal research with broader demographic considerations.
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