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Bioprocess 2025
哺乳动物的寒冷适应机制研究进展：从生理调节到基因组学的跨尺度整合
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Abstract:
寒冷环境对恒温动物形成严峻的生理与生态挑战，哺乳动物需通过多层次的适应机制以维持体温稳定与保证能量平衡。本文综述了哺乳动物如何适应寒冷气候的研究进展，涵盖生理调节、表型进化、行为调整多个层面的适应方式，归纳了近年基因组学研究揭示的哺乳动物适应寒冷气候关键遗传机制。基于此，对哺乳动物的寒冷适应机制研究的未来发展趋势进行了展望，以期为全面理解哺乳动物寒冷适应的进化逻辑与调控机制提供理论支持。
Cold environments pose severe physiological and ecological challenges to homeothermic animals. Mammals must employ multi-level adaptive strategies to maintain thermal homeostasis and ensure energy balance. This review summarizes current research progress on how mammals adapt to cold climates, encompassing physiological regulation, phenotypic evolution, and behavioral adjustments. It also highlights key genetic mechanisms underlying cold adaptation in mammals as revealed by recent advances in genomics. Based on these findings, we discuss future directions for research. These efforts aim to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the evolutionary logic and regulatory mechanisms of cold adaptation in mammals.
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