Improving Chest Imaging Interpretation Skills of General Practitioners in Primary Care: A Global Imperative for Reducing Misdiagnosis and Mortality

Chest imaging—including digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT)—is essential for the early detection and management of life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, and esophageal disorders. Although these imaging modalities are increasingly available in primary care settings globally, misdiagnosis and treatment delays persist, largely due to limited radiological expertise among general practitioners (GPs). This article highlights the critical need to enhance GPs’ chest imaging interpretation skills to reduce diagnostic errors, improve patient outcomes, and promote global health equity. We discuss the diagnostic challenges faced by GPs, including the gap between radiology reports and clinical context, and illustrate these issues with case studies of missed diagnoses such as lung cancer and coronary artery disease. The systemic consequences of these misdiagnoses include increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. To address these challenges, we propose evidence-based strategies for capacity building: structured training programs, integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, telemedicine and collaborative networks, and continuous professional development. These interventions have significant global implications, particularly for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) facing critical shortages of specialists. Future research should focus on evaluating the impact of training on diagnostic accuracy, developing culturally appropriate educational resources, and assessing the cost-effectiveness of AI in primary care. Empowering GPs with advanced chest imaging interpretation skills is a scalable, cost-effective strategy to reduce misdiagnosis and save lives worldwide. Policy action and investment in training infrastructure are urgently needed to achieve these goals.