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Biodiversity and Carbon Stock of a Tropical Montane Forest in Cameroon

DOI: 10.4236/nr.2025.169013, PP. 253-284

Keywords: Biomass, Carbon Stock, Floristic Diversity, Organic Carbon, Sequestration

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Abstract:

Mountains are home to 50% of global biodiversity hotspots and support nearly a quarter of the world’s forests and terrestrial biological diversity. This study aims to evaluate the floristic diversity and carbon stock of the Buea Cluster within Mount Cameroon National Park, emphasizing the role of biodiversity in climate regulation and ecosystem services. A systematic inventory approach was employed to assess tree species composition, structural parameters, and carbon stocks across three distinct plots. The research was conducted in the Buea Cluster of Mount Cameroon National Park, Cameroon. Three plots (1 ha each) were established at varying altitudes to sample trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 2 cm. Data collection involved measuring tree density, species richness, and calculating carbon stocks in four pools: above-ground, below-ground, soil, and litter. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences in carbon stocks and diversity indices among plots. A total of 1715 individuals representing 45 tree species from 26 families were recorded. The HMF exhibited the highest species richness and above-ground biomass (900 t ha？1), while the TMF had the lowest carbon stock (64.7 t ha？1). Significant variations in carbon stock were observed across plots (p < 0.05), highlighting the ecological importance of diverse forest structures. The findings underscore the critical role of the Buea Cluster in carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. Effective management strategies are essential to mitigate deforestation and enhance ecosystem resilience in the region. Integrating these insights into conservation planning can significantly improve forest management outcomes.

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