Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Brain endothelial cells (BEC), as an important component of the blood-brain barrier, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD. Based on the human brain data provided by Allen Brain Map, this study used two programming systems, Python and R, to investigate the expression characteristics of BEC in the progression of AD and their relationship with different pathological stages. We observed significant expression differences in BEC at certain pathological stages. We further introduced gender as a biological variable and established a linear regression model to evaluate whether there were differences between genders. The results showed that the slopes of BEC expression changes in men and women were slightly different, but there was no statistically significant difference. Furthermore, gene differential expression analysis revealed that compared with the No Dementia group, the BEC in the Dementia group had many genes with significant expression changes, and these genes affected multiple biological pathways. In conclusion, this study has depicted the preliminary characteristics of cerebrovascular endothelial changes in patients with AD from the perspectives of cell quantity and transcription, and provided new clues for the study of the vascular mechanism of AD.
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