Introduction: Orbital cellulitis is a rare but serious condition in children that usually begins locally. Its treatment must be urgent to avoid blinding or even fatal complications. Aim: To assess the clinical and etiological aspects of orbital cellulitis in children in order to improve multidisciplinary management. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the ophthalmology department of Treichville University Hospital over a period of 4 years from January 2018 to December 2022, covering patients under 15 years of age who were monitored and treated for orbital cellulitis. Results: We collected 12 orbits from 12 children. The mean age was 9.24 years, with a predominance of males (sex ratio = 1.4). The average consultation time was five days. Etiology was dominated by ethmoidomaxillary sinusitis in seven patients (58.3%). Inflammatory palpebral swelling and painful exophthalmos summarised the clinical picture. An orbital abscess was noted in 41.7% i.e. five cases. Surgical drainage was performed in half the cases (six patients), and antibiotic therapy was initiated in all patients. Conclusion: Orbital cellulitis is a potentially serious acute condition of the young, complicating neighbouring diseases. It is a medical and surgical emergency, and early multidisciplinary management improves prognosis.
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