Postpartum Blues in Dakar: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Introduction: Postpartum blues (PPB) is a common and temporary mood disorder that occurs after childbirth. Although it is often minimised, it may precede more severe psychiatric conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PPB and identify associated risk factors among recent mothers in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted in two public hospitals in Dakar from 12 December 2023 to 30 January 2024. One hundred postpartum women (between days 2 and 10 postpartum) were included in the study. PPB were screened for using the Kennerley and Gath questionnaire (French version), a validated tool recognised for its specificity and sensitivity. The 28-item questionnaire is answered with a YES or NO response. Sociodemographic, clinical, obstetric and psychosocial data were collected and analysed using Epi Info, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of PPB was 40%. No significant association was found with sociodemographic or obstetric characteristics. However, the following psychosocial factors were significantly associated with PPB: absence of a trusted confidant (p = 0.00), lack of partner support (p = 0.01) and perceived mistreatment during antenatal care (p = 0.004). Conclusion: PPB is common in the Dakar context. The findings emphasise the vital importance of emotional and relational support in preventing PPB. The study recommends the systematic screening for PPB during postpartum care, as well as the promotion of respectful and empathetic maternity services.