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Integrating Marine and Meteorological Data for Climate Action: A Systematic Review of S-100 Standards

DOI: 10.4236/ajcc.2025.143026, PP. 518-543

Keywords: S-100 Standard, Data Interoperability, Marine-Meteorological Integration, Climate Adaptation, E-Navigation

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Abstract:

It is essential to integrate marine and meteorological data to enhance effective adaptation to climate change, improve hazard forecasts, and inform maritime decision-making. This review examines the role of the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) S-100 standard in facilitating interaction between data interoperability and a wide range of marine and atmospheric datasets. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines, as 64 published articles from 2010 to 2024 were evaluated across databases, including Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science. The research results indicate that semantic gaps are a barrier to integration, and interoperability in real-time is mentioned as a technical barrier to integration in 72% and 60% of studies, respectively. The use of S-100-based applications was most commonly reported in marine spatial planning, e-navigation systems, and digital charting systems. Despite the standard providing means to support syntactic integration, such as feature catalogues and registry services, it is not widely adopted across institutions and regions. The review identifies significant research gaps and recommends larger S-100 extensions in the meteorological spheres, as well as more advanced platforms for integration with artificial intelligence, including specific pilot projects in data-limited coastal areas. This paper contributes to the existing frameworks in the climate informatics literature. It treats S-100 not as a maritime data model, but as a foundational infrastructure for climate resilience and multi-sectoral interoperability.

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