基于政策网络理论的长期护理保险政策优化分析
Optimization Analysis of Long-Term Care Insurance Policies Based on Policy Network Theory

随着老龄化趋势的不断加速，长期护理保险成为中国应对老龄化挑战的重要政策工具。本文基于政策网络理论，从多主体视角深入分析了我国长期护理保险存在覆盖水平差异化显著、筹资机制亟待完善与护理服务清单亟需调整等问题，并从政策背景端、服务供给端和服务需求端三个维度探究成因。并针对性提出各项策略，政策背景端需明晰社会主体责任、优化筹资分配机制以及完善差异化缴费和补贴机制；服务供给端需加强居家护理队伍的建设、动态调整服务待遇与鼓励多样化服务机构的发展；服务需求端需完善评估反馈机制、采取智能化监管手段并引导公众积极参保。本文旨在通过改进制度设计，加强政策网络各主体的良性互动，促进长期护理保险的高质量发展，推动社会保障体系的完善，进一步满足国民的生活保障需求，实现整个社会的和谐发展。
As the trend of an ageing population continues to accelerate, long-term care insurance has become an important policy tool for China to address the challenges of an ageing society. This paper, based on policy network theory, conducts an in-depth analysis from a multi-stakeholder perspective of the significant disparities in coverage levels, the urgent need to improve the funding mechanism, and the necessity to adjust the list of care services in China’s long-term care insurance system. It explores the underlying causes from three dimensions: the policy background, the service supply side, and the service demand side. It also proposes targeted strategies: on the policy background side, it is necessary to clarify social responsibilities, optimise funding allocation mechanisms, and improve differentiated contribution and subsidy mechanisms; on the service supply side, it is necessary to strengthen the development of home care teams, dynamically adjust service benefits, and encourage the development of diverse service institutions; on the service demand side, it is necessary to improve assessment and feedback mechanisms, adopt intelligent regulatory measures, and encourage the public to actively participate in insurance. This paper aims to improve institutional design, enhance positive interaction among all stakeholders in the policy network, promote the high-quality development of long-term care insurance, advance the perfection of the social security system, further meet the living security needs of the public, and achieve harmonious development across society.