有轨电车沿线噪声特性研究
Research on Noise Characteristics along Tram Lines

为了得到有轨电车沿线噪声分布规律，选取大连有轨电车202线路典型运营区段为研究对象，理论和仿真预测了线路沿线噪声，实地测量了该区段噪声，理论、仿真和实测值进行了对比。有轨电车通过时，线路两侧噪声均超过70 dB (A)，在靠近有轨电车侧，有轨电车噪声起决定性作用，远离轨道侧，有轨电车噪声和道路交通噪声两者共同起作用。没有有轨电车通过时，道路两侧交通噪声均低于70 dB (A)。这说明有轨电车在运行中对沿线建筑物会产生影响。在理论计算和仿真预测中，有轨电车噪声偏低，道路交通噪声偏高，这可能是由于有轨电车声源离受声点远，而道路车辆运行速度比实际运行速度高造成的。
In order to obtain the distribution pattern of noise along the tram line, the typical operating section of Dalian Tram 202 line was selected as the research object. The noise along the line was predicted theoretically and simulated, and the noise in this section was measured on site. The theoretical, simulated, and measured values were compared. When the tram passes through, the noise on both sides of the line exceeds 70 dB (A). On the side close to the tram, the tram noise plays a decisive role, while on the side far from the track, the tram noise and road traffic noise work together. When there is no tram passing through, the traffic noise on both sides of the road is below 70 dB (A). This indicates that the operation of the tram will have an impact on the buildings along the line. In theoretical calculations and simulation predictions, the noise of trams is relatively low, while the noise of road traffic is relatively high. This may be due to the fact that the sound source of trams is far away from the sound receiving point, and the running speed of road vehicles is higher than the actual running speed.