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中国东部地区鱼类的纬向分布规律和海陆差异
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Abstract:
研究基于FishBase数据，分析了中国东部沿海地区鱼类多样性和体型随纬度变化的分布规律。研究将鱼类分为淡水鱼和海水鱼两类，统计了不同省份及纬度单元内的属种数和最大体长，并利用Origin和ArcGIS进行可视化和水域面积分析。结果显示：1) 鱼类多样性与生存空间相关性较差；2) 鱼类多样性随纬度增加而减少，最大体长随纬度增加而增长，符合兰伯特法则和伯格曼法则；3) 同纬度下海洋鱼类体型大于淡水鱼类，且随着纬度降低，海水鱼类多样性增加速度显著高于淡水鱼类。研究预测未来气候变暖背景下，中国东部沿海鱼类体型将缩小，30？~50？N地区鱼类多样性可能显著增加，海洋鱼类增幅高于淡水鱼类。
The study analyzed the distribution patterns of fish diversity and body size across latitudes in China’s eastern coastal regions using data from FishBase. Fish were categorized into freshwater and marine groups. The study counted the number of genera and species, as well as maximum body length, across provinces and latitudinal units. Data visualization and water area analysis were performed using Origin and ArcGIS. Results showed: 1) Weak correlation between fish diversity and habitat area; 2) Fish diversity decreases with increasing latitude, while maximum body length increases with latitude, consistent with Rapport’s rule and Bergmann’s rule; 3) Marine fish are larger than freshwater fish at the same latitude, and marine fish diversity increases more rapidly than freshwater fish as latitude decreases. Under future climate warming, it is predicted that fish body size in China’s eastern coastal region will decrease, but fish diversity in the 30？~50？N area may increase significantly, with marine fish diversity increasing more than freshwater fish.
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