直流电机调速控制系统的设计与研究
Design and Research of Speed Control System for DC Motor

直流电机在机械工业应用广泛，其调速控制系统的研究对提升工业自动化水平及满足人们生活需求意义重大。本设计基于STC89C52单片机，融合L298N、ADC0832、霍尔传感器和LCD1602等模块，实现了直流电机PWM无级调速、正反转、启停、测速和速度显示功能。在设计中，经方案论证确定了各模块选型，完成硬件电路搭建和软件程序编写。使用Keil和Proteus软件进行设计和仿真调试，制作实物并进行调试以确保可行性。系统调速精度高、运行稳定，可满足多种应用场景需求。
DC motors are widely applied in the mechanical industry. The research on their speed control systems is of great significance for improving the level of industrial automation and meeting people’s daily life needs. This design is based on the STC89C52 microcontroller and integrates modules such as L298N, ADC0832, Hall sensor, and LCD1602 to achieve functions including PWM stepless speed regulation, forward and reverse rotation, start/stop control, speed measurement, and speed display of DC motors. During the design process, the selection of each module was determined through scheme demonstration, and the construction of the hardware circuit and the writing of the software program were completed. Software like Keil and Proteus were used for design and simulation debugging. A physical prototype was fabricated and debugged to ensure its feasibility. The system has high speed regulation accuracy and stable operation, and can meet the requirements of various application scenarios.