长江干流及主要支流重庆段河流健康状况社会服务效果评估
Assessment of Social Service Effectiveness in River Health of the Main Stem and Major Tributaries of the Yangtze River in Chongqing

随着社会经济的发展，河湖生态问题日益突出，开展健康评价对生态保护和水资源管理至关重要。本研究基于长江重庆段干流及主要支流的社会服务功能的健康评价得分，包含公众满意度、防洪达标率、供水量保证及岸线利用管理4项指标的得分情况，采用统计学分析方法重点研究44条河流社会服务功能赋分的表现情况，通过离散程度分析(变异系数)确定25个组别在社会服务功能赋分上的内部数据变异情况；应用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)检验各组别之间的差异性，并通过多重比较分析(LSD法、Tamhane法)进一步明确具体差异组别，筛选导致差异化的关键指标；最后通过Pearson相关性分析为筛选的差异化指标提供定量依据。结果表明，从整体评估上看，御临河社会服务功能得分最高(96.94 ± 0.56)且变异系数较低(CV = 0.58)，表明其不仅整体表现优异，且组内得分差异小，稳定性强；而黎香溪得分最低(84.21 ± 4.57)且变异系数较高(CV = 5.43)，表明其整体表现差，且组内得分差异大，稳定性不够。单因素方差分析的结果表明，不同组别河流的社会服务功能得分存在显著差异，其中御临河和黎香溪与其他组别间均存在显著性差。将各河流社会服务功能指标层的赋分均值与各河流社会服务功能的差异化特征相结合，发现公众满意度和防洪达标率是导致河流社会服务功能差异化的主要指标，并通过Pearson相关性分析，公众满意度(r = 0.986, P < 0.01)和防洪达标率(r = 0.994, P < 0.01)与社会服务功能赋分呈高度正相关，进一步验证这一结果。在调研阶段的走访发现，具有差异化特征的河段普遍存在垃圾漂浮物较多、污水偷排及防洪工程滞后等问题。因此，建议从河道综合治理、公众参与度及防洪工程建设三方面协同推进。本研究为河流健康评价的效果评估提供参考，有利于为河流综合治理以及健康管理提供科学依据。
With the development of the social economy, ecological problems of rivers and lakes have become increasingly prominent. Conducting health evaluations is crucial for ecological protection and water resource management. This study, based on the health evaluation scores of the social service functions of the main stream and major tributaries of the Yangtze River in Chongqing, including the scores of four indicators: public satisfaction, flood control compliance rate, water supply guarantee, and shoreline utilization management, uses statistical analysis methods to focus on the performance of the social service function scores of 44 rivers. Through the analysis of the degree of dispersion (coefficient of variation), the internal data variation of 25 groups in the social service function scores is determined. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to test the differences among the groups, and multiple comparison analysis (LSD method, Tamhane method) is used to further identify the specific different groups and screen the key indicators causing the differences. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis is conducted to provide quantitative evidence for the selected differentiating indicators. The results show that, from an overall assessment perspective, the Yulin River has the highest social service function score (96.94 ± 0.56) and a relatively low coefficient of variation (CV = 0.58), indicating not only excellent overall performance but also small internal score variations and strong stability. In contrast, the Lixiangxi River has the lowest score (84.21 ±