扫描式视觉自动测流系统在宽河道中的应用研究
Research on the Application of Scanning Visual Automatic Flow Measurement System in Wide River Channels

针对宽河道流量自动化监测中存在的覆盖范围不足、信号衰减显著及安装维护复杂等问题，尤其是常规固定式视觉测流系统仅适用于200 m以内水面宽河道的问题，本文提出一种基于扫描式视觉自动测流技术的创新解决方案。该技术通过动态扫描机制与多画面融合，结合计算机视觉算法，实现宽河道全断面流速的非接触式自动测量。以洪水期水面宽约500 m的大藤峡水文站为应用案例，利用扫描式视觉自动测流系统与走航式ADCP同步测验数据进行率定分析，结果表明：断面流量系统误差为0.23%，随机不确定度6.38%，关系曲线检验中的符号检验、适线检验、偏离数值检验均合格，符合《水文资料整编规范》(SL/T 247-2020)的规定要求，验证了扫描式视觉自动测流技术在200 m以上宽河道监测中的高精度与可靠性，为水文现代化提供了新的技术路径。
Aiming at the challenges of insufficient coverage, significant signal attenuation, and complex installation maintenance in automated flow monitoring for wide river channels, particularly the limitation of current fixed visual flow measurement systems to river channels with water surface widths under 200 meters, this paper proposes an innovative solution based on scanning visual automatic flow measurement system. By integrating a dynamic scanning mechanism, multi-frame fusion, and computer vision algorithms, this technology enables non-contact automatic measurement of full cross-sectional flow velocity in wide river channels. Taking the Datengxia Hydrological Station (with a flood-period river width of approximately 500 meters) as a case study, the system was calibrated using synchronous measurement data from a moving-vessel ADCP. Results indicate a systematic error of 0.23% in cross-sectional flow measurement, a random uncertainty of 6.38%, and compliance with the Hydrological Data Compilation Standard (SL/T 247-2020) requirements in sign test, goodness-of-fit test, and numerical deviation test for the rating curve. This validates the high accuracy and reliability of the scanning visual automatic flow measurement technology for river channels exceeding 200 meters in width, offering a novel technical pathway for the modernization of hydrological monitoring.