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Middle Powers’ Transactionalism in the Trumpism Era

DOI: 10.4236/ojps.2025.153034, PP. 612-628

Keywords: Transactionalism, Trumpism, International System, Unipolarity, Existence, Allies, Middle Power, Pragmatism, Ideology

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Abstract:

This article investigates transactionalism from a political economy perspective, examining how actionalism—a focus on performative political actions—interacts with economic policies and populist discourse. Tracing the ideological foundations and financial practices in the Trumpism era, this paper unpacks and theorizes how Trumpism transforms conventional relations of governmentality and economy.

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