The importance of medicinal plants in maintaining and restoring health is well established. However, the high demand associated with poor harvesting practices is having a huge impact on these plants, affecting the availability of the resource for forest-dependent populations. The aim of the study was to identify endangered plant species for medicinal use in the Zoulabot Ancien Community Forest, Southeast Cameroon. Data were collected in the Yokadouma District (East Cameroon) through several activities including 1) ethnobotanical surveys conducted among villagers (specialized and non-specialized healers), 2) monitoring of villagers in their daily activity of collecting medicinal plants and 3) a floristic inventory in Zoulabot Ancien Community Forest. The endangerment of harvested species was analyzed using a set of 13 parameters, composed of internal constraints (6 parameters) and external constraints (7 parameters). The calculated vulnerability index ranges from 1.57 to 2.31, corresponding to medium to high vulnerability classes. Some of the species with high vulnerability indices are also classified in the IUCN red list as species requiring special ecological attention. These include Diospyroscrassiflora, Baillonellatoxisperma and Streblususambarensis. The link between traditional uses, the monitoring and description of harvesting practices and the floristic potential of the solicited plants could be exploited to establish the vulnerability status of species at a local scale, for better monitoring of their sustainable harvesting. Such a work could lead to the development of early warning systems as a decision-making tool for specific plants. With a view to minimizing the conflicts that might exist between the harvesting of the resource by populations and the concern to manage it sustainably, it would be interesting to adopt alternative policies, such as the substitution of harvested plant organs or even little-known plant species that are useful in other communities.
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