The Field of Pathology as a Stimulus for Philosophical Reflection

Pathology can raise the philosophical question of whether humans share a common identity or are unique individuals. Traditional Pathology examines diseases at a morphological level, highlighting the similarities between people, while molecular Pathology studies diseases at a genetic level, emphasizing the uniqueness and diversity of each person. While humans share a common nature, their individuality should be recognized and celebrated. According to Aristotle, genus is the broader category that describes the common characteristics shared by a group of things, while species is a narrower category that distinguishes one thing from another. Our article offers a nuanced exploration of the philosophical debate surrounding individuality versus shared identity while acknowledging the complexities involved and advocates for inclusivity without assimilation. Similarities are shared experiences and differences are different ways of seeking satisfaction and beauty in life. Differences are not necessarily divisive and should never be the source of hatred or conflict. A sense of the differences between people, instead of triggering often disheartening comparisons, should lead individuals to live their lives authentically, in accordance with their existential identity and thoughts, as they really are, different from others, while always respecting the others’ freedom, however. On the other hand, similarities are not necessarily identical. The sense of similarity of all people, instead of leading to leveling, must encourage individuals to view others from their perspective as equals and integral parts of themselves. This perspective can be a means for personal fulfillment, as any good that is offered to others is also returned to oneself.