探讨维吾尔语名词后缀在现代汉语中的对应关系
To Explore the Corresponding Relationship of Uyghur Noun Suffixes in Modern Chinese

维吾尔语与现代汉语虽属不同语系，但两者间的词汇对比研究具有重要意义。维吾尔语，作为黏着语的一种，其丰富的后缀系统构成了其词汇特点的重要部分。这些后缀在派生名词的构成中起着关键作用，为语言增添了多样性和表达力。维吾尔语名词后缀在派生新名词时，呈现了多样的语法功能和语义特征。它们可以表示职业、行为动作、事物类别、共同点、生长或存在的场所、身份特征、需求以及与地名相关的人等概念。这些后缀在维吾尔语词汇中占据了重要地位，是构成新词的重要手段。当维吾尔语名词后缀被翻译成现代汉语时，它们往往需要在现代汉语中找到相应的表达形式。这一过程中，现代汉语中的词缀(含后缀)或特定字词常被用来对应维吾尔语中的后缀意义。例如，“-chi”后缀在维吾尔语中常用来表示职业或行为动作，而在现代汉语中，它可以用“人、生、匠、者、家”等字词来对应表达。同样，“-xana”后缀在维吾尔语中表示事物所处的场所，现代汉语中则常用“房、馆、院、店、室、所、场、屋”等词缀来对应。
Although Uyghur and modern Chinese belong to different language families, the comparative study of vocabulary between the two is of great significance. Uyghur, as an agglutinative language, its rich suffix system constitutes an important part of its lexical characteristics. These suffixes play a crucial role in the formation of derived nouns, adding diversity and expressiveness to the language. When Uyghur noun suffixes are used to derive new nouns, they exhibit diverse grammatical functions and semantic features. They can represent concepts such as occupation, behavioral actions, categories of things, commonalities, places of growth or existence, identity characteristics, needs, and people related to place names. These suffixes occupy an important position in Uyghur vocabulary and are an important means of forming new words. When Uyghur noun suffixes are translated into modern Chinese, they often need to find corresponding expressions in modern Chinese. In this process, affixes, suffixes or specific words in modern Chinese are often used to correspond to the meanings of suffixes in Uyghur. For instance, the suffix “-chi” is often used in Uyghur to indicate occupation or behavior, while in modern Chinese, it can be correspondingly expressed with words such as “person”, “life\", “craftsman”, “servant”, and “home”. Similarly, the suffix “-xana” in Uyghur indicates the location of an object, while in modern Chinese, affixes such as “house, pavilion, courtyard, shop, room, institute, field, house” are often used to correspond to it.